Graphene’s for Research and the Growing Number of Publications Per Year - Phdassistance

1. GRAPHENE’S FOR RESEARCH AND THE GROWING NUMBER OF PUBLICATIONS PERYEAR An Academic presentationby Dr.NancyAgnes,Head,TechnicalOperations,Phdassistance Group www.phdassistance.com Email:info@phdassistance.com

2. TODAY'SDISCUSSION Outline Introduction Nanostructure Trends The Graphene survey The use of graphene FutureScope

3. INTRODUCTION Professor Richard Feynman forecast thebright future of nanomaterialsin his popular lecture, "There's Plenty of Room at theBottom." Since then, many trials have been made to consider and manipulate matter at the atomic level to exploit nanoscaleproperties. Contd...

4. In 2021, the number of scholarly papers describing graphene's use wasenormous. With such a high level of curiosity in graphene, both specialists and the public need to stay updated on recent and historical graphenetechnology. This article looks at graphene and its effect on the science environment.

5. NANOSTRUCTURE Graphene was originally found as a two-dimensional carbon nanostructure that was mechanicallyexfoliated from a block ofgraphite. Still, researchers have recently expanded theirstudies into this two-dimensional carbonnanostructure. Contd...

6. This molecular structure will take a variety of morphologies, as seen in Figure1. These single-atom carbon layers may take on various morphologies, such as quantum dots, nanosheets, and nanoparticles, and can be tailored to produce breakthroughdevelopments. The use of graphene-based nanomaterials in medicine is currentlya hot researchsubject. Contd...

7. Figure 1: (a) when folded into a 0D structure, it forms spherical molecules called fullerenes; (b)when rolled into a 1D structure, it forms carbon nanotubes; (c) when it forms a single 2D atomic layer,itforms graphene; and (d) when stacked into a 3D bulk structure, it forms graphite[1]

8. TRENDS Whether or not graphene ultimately contributes to nanoscale transistors, its introduction in the early stages of the post-silicon period ishistoric. There has been interesting in this promising material from the scientificcommunity. Contd...

9. It could help Moore's law surpass the technical barrier before approaching the fundamental limit of the single-moleculelevel. Graphene is now a popular research subject, with a clear promise to meet the global demand for breakthroughtechnology. The number of graphene-related publicationsfor the last six years is given in (Fig.1). Contd...

10. Fig.1.Totalnumberofpublicationsin2015-2021asperGooglescholarinformation(keyword:Graphene)Fig.1.Totalnumberofpublicationsin2015-2021asperGooglescholarinformation(keyword:Graphene)

11. THE GRAPHENESURVEY The Graphene Council's survey report was released on January 4, 2021[2]. largest related The Graphene Council is the world's community advanced devoted to graphene and materials science, production, and commercialuse. The link over 30k materials experts, professionals, architects, and technology developers: roughly 1/3 of academiaand the other 2/3 from theindustry. Contd...

12. This survey organisations. received responses from over 800 people and According to the survey, graphene has an extraordinarily broad spectrum of possible uses, owing to its remarkable range of performancecharacteristics. The survey respondents were divided into categories depending on how people use graphene, such as processing graphene, using it in an application, testing, designing potential applications,etc. Contd...

13. Fig 2 depicts the proportion of survey respondents who identify as workingpeople. On looking at research activities, it is observed that academic organisations are studying graphene account for 19% of all respondents, or 78% of the more than 250 academic organisations that took part in thestudy. Commercial organisations (which include both producers and users of graphene materials) also research graphenefor 17% of allresponses. Contd...

14. The Graphene Council is well aware of the significant volume of research conducted by the private sector to create real-world commercialapplications. According to the survey findings, 19 % of commercial institutions and 14 % of academic organisations seek application growth, for a total of 33%, just marginally lower than studyactivities. Contd...

15. If graphene progresses, the percentage of companies focusing on application growth will outnumber those focusing on analysis, particularly as production size, handling, dispersion, and pricing become moreresolved. Graphene producers were also split into industrial and research, with 17% and 12 % of themarket. Industrial and academic graphene suppliers accounted for 17% and 12% of total graphene production,respectively. While many academic institutions manufacture graphene, the material is mainly used for internal analysis or applicationproduction. Contd...

16. On the commercial side, it's worth noting that some commercial producers don't sell graphene, preferring to use it entirely in value-added products or masterbatchformulations. A significant 10% of survey participants described themselves as “Intermediary” organisations, including toll processors, functionalization services suppliers, and other mechanisms aimed at improvinggraphane. Finally, 4% of our survey respondents work for governing authorities, including standards-setting associations, regulatory commissions, and government departments. Contd...

17. Fig. 2. The percentage of survey respondent corresponding to thesociety

18. Graphene is the only substance that can claim to be the thinnest, toughest, most thermally conductive, most electrically conductive, have the highest barrier properties, and have other positive characteristics all at the sametime. Coatings [3], energy harvesting [4], textiles [5], filtration, composites, printed electronics, biomedical [6], EMI insulation, corrosion prevention, films, lubrication, heat transport, among many other uses, are among themany. Contd...

19. As for efficiency increases, manufacturing are exponentially scaled, the processing is perfected, and better pricing renders this incredible material affordable in 2021; graphene is reaching an inflexionpoint. The varieties of graphene for different applications are shown in table1.

20. Table 1. Graphene for various applications[2]

21. THEUSEOFGRAPHENE A very small amount of graphene (less than 1% by weight, or even tenths or hundredths of a per centby weight) may significantly affectefficiency. The graphene's work is influenced by its morphology, chemical groups, surface chemistry,functionalization, and form element (powder, paste, orsolvent). Choosing the best graphene for a given applicationis important. Contd...

22. The synthesis and storage of graphene are crucial to its application's performance (i.e. dispersiontechniques) Although graphene is now readily accessible, it takes special handling capabilities, so collaborating with people who have these abilities isimportant. For most applications, even at very low loadings in terms of percent by weight, substantial amounts of graphene will beneeded. As a result, it's critical to partner with manufacturers and vendors who can scale demand while maintaining high quality. Table 2 summarises some ofthe ground-breaking efforts in graphenesynthesis. Contd...

23. Table 2. Comparison of graphene synthesis methods and their variousapplications

24. FUTURESCOPE Graphene is a fascinating substance that may beused innanotechnology. Graphene has outstanding electrical, optical, mechanical, thermal, and chemicalproperties, indicating that it has great potential for use as a transparent electrode, FETs, gas sensors, energy storage systems such as supercapacitors acatalyst. New graphene synthesis methods arebeing developedto achieve favourable electricalproperties. Contd...

25. As a designer product, graphene is expected to be soon able to replace silicon-based electronics. Future graphene-based electronic devices are supposed to operate at a very high speed, be chemically inert, and be environmentallysustainable. Thispostgaveabroaddescriptionofgrapheneaswellasalookatrecentinnovations. Given graphene's enormous ability and one-of-a-kind properties, it would be more appropriate to inquire, "What science and engineering problems exist for which graphene might have a solution?" rather than "What are the actual applications of graphene?"

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