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History

History. Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Dutch Cloth Inspector 1684. “wee animalcules” Reported to the Royal Academy of Science. Louis Pasteur. - 1822- 1895 French Chemist “ Chance Favors the Prepared Mind ” - Spontaneous Generation 1864 Swan-necked Flask Ignored Spores.

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History

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  1. History • Antoni van Leeuwenhoek • Dutch Cloth Inspector • 1684

  2. “wee animalcules” • Reported to the Royal Academy of Science

  3. Louis Pasteur - 1822- 1895 French Chemist “Chance Favors the Prepared Mind” - Spontaneous Generation 1864 Swan-necked Flask Ignored Spores

  4. 1. Tyndall box John Tyndall - Helped Pasteur Twice Air 2. Tyndallization Method to sterilize heat sensitive materials Boil Incubate Boil Incubate Boil Sterile

  5. Germ theory • Pasteur – Wine disease Lady Montagu

  6. Lady Montagu , 1718 Introduced variolation to England

  7. Edward Jenner 1798 Smallpox vaccination

  8. Ignaz Semmelweis, 1850 Asked Doctors to wash hands between patients

  9. Robert Lister ,1867 Introduced antiseptics to hospital

  10. Robert Koch • Anthrax • Koch’s postulates

  11. Koch’s Postulates • 1. Suspected pathogen always present in diseased animal • 2. Isolated microorganism in pure culture • 3. Re-inoculate healthy organism with pure culture and cause disease • 4. Re-isolate the pathogen in pure culture • Began the Concept of “Guinea Pig”? • Lead to Discovery of the Cause of Tuberculosis

  12. Chicken Cholera • Pasteur at his best? • Attempted Koch’s postulates • Used old (attenuated) cultures • Re-inoculates Chicken • Protective “Vaccine”

  13. Pasteur’s Chicken Cholera Experiment 2nd Experiment 1st Experiment Fresh Culture Old Culture Attenuated Virulent Vaccinated Healthy Chickens Live Chicken Dead Chickens

  14. Rabies Vaccine • Charles Chamberlain • Filterable “Viruses” • Farmer’s Cure? • Dried Spinal Tissue • Attenuated Virus? • Joseph Meister • First Rabies Vaccine

  15. Antimicrobial Agents • Paul Ehrlich Agent 606 • Domagk - Prontosil • Alexander Fleming 1929 - Penicillin Alexander Fleming

  16. Selman Waksman, 1942 Streptomycin Rutgers's Waksman Institute

  17. Modern Molecular Microbiology • Watson&Crick 1953

  18. Kohler & Milstein 1979 - Monoclonal Antibodies George Kohler Cesar Milstein

  19. Boyer & Cohen1975 - Recombinant DNA

  20. Woese & Fox Archaea – 1977 Carl Woese George Fox

  21. Stanley Pruisner 1981 Prions

  22. Genomics • Kary Mullis – 1988 Polymerase Chain Reaction • PCR – “DNA copying”

  23. Craig Ventor & Hamilton Smith 1995 • Bacterial Genome • Human Genome 2000?

  24. Ed Delong Marine Archaea Proteorhodopsin SAR

  25. Metagenomics Craig Ventor

  26. Microbiology Timeline

  27. History Word List

  28. Word list 2 George Kohler & Cesar Milstein, 1979 Monoclonal Antibodies Stanley Cohen &  Herbert Boyer Recombinant DNA Carl Woese & George Fox, 1977 Archaea Stanley Pruisner, 1981 Prions Kary Mullins, 1988 PCR Craig Ventor & Hamilton Smith, 1995 Human Genome Project 2000

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