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Introduction to Motion Along a Straight Line: Understanding Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration

Learn about motion along a straight line, including displacement, velocity, and acceleration. Explore concepts such as average velocity, instantaneous velocity, constant acceleration, and free fall acceleration. Understand the basics of kinematics and the classification and comparison of motion in a simplified manner. Discover the relationship between forces and motion, and how moving objects can be treated as particles. Dive into sample problems and explore constant acceleration further. Integration of acceleration and the concept of free fall are also covered.

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Introduction to Motion Along a Straight Line: Understanding Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration

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  1. Chapter 2: Motion in One Dimension

  2. Introduction • Motion along a straight line • Motion • Position and Displacement • Average velocity and average speed • Instantaneous velocity and speed • Acceleration • Constant acceleration: A special case • Free fall acceleration

  3. Displacement is a vector quantity. It has both a direction and magnitude! Motion Along a Straight Line • Everything moves! • Classification and comparison of motion  kinematics • Simplification • Motion along straight line • Forces cause motion • Moving object is a particle or moves like a particle Displacement

  4. Velocity • Average velocity • Average speed • Instantaneous velocity

  5. Average acceleration Instantaneous acceleration Constant acceleration Acceleration

  6. Sample Problem 2–2 An elevator is initially stationary, then moves upward (which we take the positive direction of x), and then stops. Plot v as a function of time. • x(t) curve for an upward moving elevator cab • v(t) curve for the cab. Note v = dx/dt! • a(t) curve for the cab. Note a =dv/dt!

  7. Another Look at Constant Acceleration • Integration of acceleration • Indefinite integral or anti–derivative • Constant of integration You will learn about this in integral calculus!

  8. Sample Problem 2-7

  9. Free-Fall • v=v0-gt • h-h0=v0t-gt2/2

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