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Topic 5 Concept of Computer Graphics

Computer Graphics. Everything on computers that is not text or sound.Computer graphics as drawing pictures on computers.Nuclear Medicine uses computer graphics to display images. Graphic Software. General Programming Package (Graphic Library in C etc)Application Package (For None-programmer)Mode

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Topic 5 Concept of Computer Graphics

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    1. Topic 5 Concept of Computer Graphics Introduction Output Primitives and Attributes Two dimensional Viewing Graphical User Interfaces Three Dimensional Concepts Three Dimensional Display in Nuclear Medicine

    2. Computer Graphics Everything on computers that is not text or sound. Computer graphics as drawing pictures on computers. Nuclear Medicine uses computer graphics to display images

    3. Graphic Software General Programming Package (Graphic Library in C etc) Application Package (For None-programmer) Modelling Transformation=>World Coordinates=>Normalised Coordinates

    4. User Graphic Interface Consist of windows, pull-down and pop-up menus, icons, pointing device. Popular graphic user interface: X windows, MS windows, Macintosh, OpenLook and Motif Graphic package: Specialised interactive dialogue General Graphic Package: interface to standard window system: PHIGS for X windows.

    5. User Graphic Interface

    6. Output Attributes

    7. Transformation Pipeline

    8. Display Processor in Graphic System

    9. From Object Model to Display Device

    10. Object Rendering

    11. Basic Building Blocks For Pictures Output Primitives Characters, Geometric Entities. Lines, Filled Areas, Colours Polygons

    12. Output Primitives - Lines and Points

    13. Output Primitives - Circles

    14. Output Primitives - Polygon

    15. Properties of the Output Primitives How it is displayed: Intensity Colour Style Pattern

    16. Geometric Transformation Change size, position or orientation: translation rotation scaling Altering or Manipulating Display

    17. Transformations

    18. Transformations

    19. Two Dimensional Viewing Specify which part of the picture which part of the picture where to put the picture Algorithms Point Clipping Line Clipping Polygon Clipping Text Clipping

    20. Two Dimensional Viewing

    21. 3D Object Representation Object Boundaries: Plane, Curved Surfaces Object Interiors: Solid Objects: Boundary Representation Space-partition Representation

    22. 3D Object Representation

    23. 3D Transformation Transformation translation, rotation, scaling Rotation in 3D a composite of 3 rotations X-axis rotation

    24. 3D Transformation

    25. 3D Display View an object from any spatial position: front, top etc. Projection onto a flat viewing surface.

    26. 3D Display

    27. Projection Specify a view plane Projections Parallel Perspective Projection transformation Clipping

    28. Parallel Projection

    29. Perspective Projection

    30. Different Viewing Directions

    31. Changing of Reference Point

    32. 3D Surface 3D Surface Detection: Identify the visible surface example: ray-casting method Depth Cueing the intensity of lines decreases from the front to the back of the object.

    33. 3D Surface Detection

    34. Depth Cueing

    35. Types of Depth Cues Stereoscopic display (different image for different eye) Hidden lines/surface removal Depth weighting (less intensity for distant object) Illumination (surface lighting) Rotation (cine loops)

    36. Surface Illumination Surface illumination: the intensity of light that we should see. Surface rendering algorithm calculation of the light based on physical laws. Radiosity algorithm: based on the propagation of radiant energy between the surface and the source.

    37. Surface Illumination

    38. Shading Techniques

    39. Reflection and Transparency

    40. Radiosity

    41. Lighting Conditions

    42. Colours in Computer Graphics

    43. Colour Models Colour Model: The method for explaining the properties or behaviour of colour within some particular context. RGB Model: based on tristimulus theory

    44. Colour Models

    45. Grey Scale

    46. Logarithmic & Exponential

    47. Colour Translation

    48. Pseudo Colour Display

    49. True Colour Display

    50. 3D Display in Nuclear Medicine Slice-and-Dice Display orthogonal slices, oblique slices Ray Tracing Volume Rendering - summed projection, maximum activity projection, volumeric compositing. Surface Rendering polygon tiling, binary voxel rendering. Mapping Bulls eye, cylindrical display

    51. Slice-and-Dice

    52. Ray Tracing

    53. Surface Rendering

    54. Volume Rendering

    55. Bulls Eye Mapping

    56. Clinical Applications in Nuclear Medicine Hot Spot Imaging Volume rendering with maximum activity projection Cardiac Imaging Perfusion imaging(Bulls eye), surface rendering with colour. Functional imaging (oxygen consumption), colouring blood-pool surface. Gated Blood Pool Studies: cine display, surface rendering, maximum activity projection. Brains.

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