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Unit 2: Materials Structures and Uses Section D Designing for Desired Properties Pages 184-201

Unit 2: Materials Structures and Uses Section D Designing for Desired Properties Pages 184-201. What is happening. Earth’s materials are being used up at a quicker rate than they can be replenished We must find substitutes for common materials Substitutes should be Plentiful Inexpensive

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Unit 2: Materials Structures and Uses Section D Designing for Desired Properties Pages 184-201

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  1. Unit 2: Materials Structures and UsesSection DDesigning for Desired PropertiesPages 184-201

  2. What is happening • Earth’s materials are being used up at a quicker rate than they can be replenished • We must find substitutes for common materials • Substitutes should be • Plentiful • Inexpensive • Properties are very similar to the original material

  3. Allotropes • An element that at different forms each has a distinctly different physical or chemical property • Example: • Diamond, graphite, and buckmisterfullerene are ALL Carbon!

  4. Engineered Materials • Ceramics • Clay (mineral kaolinte, magnesium, sodium, and potassium ions) • Very plentiful on earth • Natural ceramics: hard, ridged, low chemical reactivity, resistance to wear, resistant at very high temperatures, strong at high temps • Diesel engines made from ceramics can operate at higher temps Problems – ceramics are brittle and crack when go from hot to cold quickly

  5. Plastics • Plastics • Synthetic materials made of carbon chains with hydrogen and other materials attached • Less dense than metal • Springy (doesn’t dent easily) • Problem: most plastics are made from petroleum (a non-renewable resource)

  6. Alloys • Alloys • A solid combination of 2 or more metals • Brass = zinc and copper • Bronze = copper with tin, zinc, and other elements • Steel = iron with carbon and small amounts of others • Other common alloys: Pewter, 14-carat gold, white gold

  7. Coatings on Materials • Paint, Varnishes, and Shellacs • Protects • Look Nice • Powder Coating • Eliminates the need for solvents • Electrically charged fine powder is sprayed from spray guns • Product is heated to “cure” the powder into a tough shell • Long-lasting, corrosion resistant surface • Paints are made of • Pigment and solvent

  8. Electroplating • Process used to cover one metal with another • Ex. Steel bumpers on trucks are plated with nickel so they resistance rusting in bad weather • Process is all about the oxidation and reduction of the metals • Ex. Chrome plating on trucks and motorcycles

  9. Thin Films • One or two atoms thick…very thin! • Optics and electronics industry • UV /anti-glare protection on auto glass • Color changing paint (iridescence) • Cars that appear different colors in different light

  10. Review Questions for this Section • Page 204 - 205 #’s 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 14, 15, 16, 17

  11. Class Info • Test Friday 2-29-08 Unit 2 Section C and D • Balancing Equations • What is the mole • Molar Mass • Conserving Resources • Dealing with Waste • 4 R’s • This Power Point • Remember to complete your review Questions for both sections: due the day of the test

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