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The Basics of Canopy Measurement

James M. Meyers & Justine E. Vanden Heuvel, Cornell University. The Basics of Canopy Measurement. WAWGG – February 4, 2009. Agenda. Canopy Architecture and Sunlight Measuring Canopy Architecture Point Quadrat Analysis (PQA) Enhanced Point Quadrat Analysis (EPQA)

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The Basics of Canopy Measurement

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  1. James M. Meyers & Justine E. Vanden Heuvel, Cornell University The Basics of Canopy Measurement WAWGG – February 4, 2009

  2. Agenda • Canopy Architecture and Sunlight • Measuring Canopy Architecture • Point Quadrat Analysis (PQA) • Enhanced Point Quadrat Analysis (EPQA) • Measuring Sunlight Distribution • Cluster Exposure Mapping • Leaf Exposure Mapping

  3. Why We Measure Canopies Canopy measurements provide insight into vine performance and fruit quality. • Energy Production (photosynthesis) • Exposed Leaf Area • Fruit Quality • Cluster Exposure • Functional Crop Load (yield vs. exposed leaf area)

  4. Agenda • Canopy Architecture and Sunlight • Measuring Canopy Architecture • Point Quadrat Analysis (PQA) • Enhanced Point Quadrat Analysis (EPQA) • Measuring Sunlight Distribution • Cluster Exposure Mapping • Leaf Exposure Mapping

  5. Point Quadrat Analysis (PQA) • What is PQA? • PQA is a simple field method for measuring key parameters of canopy architecture • Why perform PQA? • PQA metrics quantify canopy differences • PQA metrics provide insight into vine performance

  6. Point Quadrat Measurement Zone Measurements are taken at consistent height (usually middle of the fruiting zone), but can be somewhat dynamic due to variations in vineyard floor and trellising. (Photo J. Meyers)

  7. Sampling Frequency Canopy is sampled, at the designated height, at consistent intervals along the row. (Photo J. Meyers)

  8. Sampling Vector At each sampling location, data is collected from one outer edge of the other outer edge. (Photo J. Meyers)

  9. Point Quadrat Data Collection A tape measure or meter stick is used to ensure consistently spaced measurements. (Photo from Sunlight into Wine, credited to B.W.)

  10. Point Quadrat Data Collection A rod is passed through the canopy. As the rod contacts biomass, the contacts are identified and recorded. (Photo from Sunlight into Wine, credited to B.W.)

  11. L c L S S Sample Dataset In this example, ignoring shoots, the first insertion produces the following dataset: “L L C”. (Photo from Sunlight into Wine, credited to R.S.)

  12. PQA: Standard Analysis Metrics Sample Dataset

  13. PQA: Standard Analysis Metrics Sample Dataset

  14. PIC is often used to establish treatment efficacy. PIC: Simplified Analysis Results

  15. Enhanced Point Quadrat Analysis (EPQA) • What is EPQA? • Data collection method is the same as standard PQA • EPQA uses computer software to calculate canopy parameters with more precision than standard PQA metrics • Why perform EPQA? • EPQA is more descriptive than standard PQA • EPQA adds metrics for canopy symmetry and trellising consistency • EPQA provides the foundation for canopy exposure mapping

  16. Agenda • Canopy Architecture and Sunlight • Measuring Canopy Architecture • Point Quadrat Analysis (PQA) • Enhanced Point Quadrat Analysis (EPQA) • Measuring Sunlight Distribution • Cluster Exposure Mapping • Leaf Exposure Mapping

  17. Calibrated Exposure Mapping (Photo from Decagon website) (Photo from Sunlight into Wine, credited to B.W.)

  18. Calibrating a Canopy • Sunlight calibration curve is unique to each canopy • Curve can be fitted with only two known %PPF points • 100% PPF always at layer 0 • Measure %PPF at a second known canopy layer (OLN/2) • Fit curve to the two points • Sample the fitted curve at layer 1 to determine calibration value (Ep1) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 % Photon Flux (x=1, y=Ep1) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Canopy Layer

  19. Cluster Exposure Map The precise exposure of each cluster in the PQA dataset is calculated. 10-19.9% 20-29.9% 30-39.9% 40-49.9% 50-59.9% 60-69.9% 70-79.9% 80-89.9% 90-100% 0-9.9%

  20. Leaf Exposure Map The precise exposure of each leaf in the PQA dataset is calculated. 10-19.9% 20-29.9% 30-39.9% 40-49.9% 50-59.9% 60-69.9% 70-79.9% 80-89.9% 90-100% 0-9.9%

  21. Treatment Effect: Cluster Exposure Map Umbrella trained hybrid canopy in Finger Lakes subjected to: Shoot Thinning (ST) Hedging (H) Combination (ST-H)

  22. Treatment Effect: Leaf Pulling Cluster exposure map comparing control and leaf-pulled VSP canopies on Long Island. (Data from J. Scheiner)

  23. Natural Variability in Cluster Exposure EPQA and CEM data 18 panels within a block of Scott-Henry trained Finger Lakes Riesling. Substantial natural variation was observed. % Ambient PPF

  24. Map Your Own Canopies An Excel spreadsheet is available for growers and researchers who wish to map exposure in their own canopies. Contact: Jim Meyers Jmm533@cornell.edu

  25. James M. Meyers & Justine E. Vanden Heuvel, Cornell University The Basics of Canopy Measurement WAWGG – February 4, 2009

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