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DNA Review: Understand the Basics of Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Welcome to the DNA review session! Are you ready to dive into the world of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)? Learn how DNA is structured, its components, the process of replication, transcription, translation, and protein synthesis. Discover the importance of DNA and RNA in gene expression and protein formation. Get familiar with key terms like nucleotide, base pairing, codon, anticodon, and more. Enhance your knowledge of genetics with this comprehensive DNA review.

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DNA Review: Understand the Basics of Deoxyribonucleic Acid

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Welcome to… DNA Review

  2. Everybody Ready? Are you sure?

  3. What does DNA stand for? Deoxyribonuleic acid

  4. How are the two strands of DNA arranged? In a spiral shape or double helix.

  5. Name the 3 structures found in a nucleotide. • Phosphate • Sugar • Nitrogen Base

  6. In DNA, Adenine always matches up with…? Thymine

  7. In DNA, Cytosine always matches with…? Guanine

  8. Name the 4 bases in alphabetical order. • Adenine • Cytosine • Guanine • Thymine

  9. What are the two purines? Adenine and guanine

  10. What are the pyrimidines? Thymine and cytosine

  11. Where is DNA found? In the nucleus of a cell.

  12. What is the main purpose of DNA? To make proteins within a cell

  13. What does RNA stand for? Ribonucleic Acid

  14. What base does RNA have that is different? Uracil

  15. What is tRNA? Transfer RNA

  16. What is the sequence of bases on DNA that code for a specific trait called? A gene

  17. What does mRNA stand for? Messenger RNA

  18. What is a string of amino acids called? A protein

  19. The process of duplication of DNA is called? Replication

  20. How is mRNA different from DNA (3 ways) • It is single stranded and can leave the nucleus by passing through the nuclear pores • The sugar is ribose instead of deoxyribose • RNA does not have the nitrogen base thymine (uracil instead).

  21. Three nucleotides on mRNA are called? A codon

  22. What is an anticodon? It is the tRNA that matches base pairs (complimentary) with mRNA.

  23. The process by which RNA is produced from DNA is? Transcription

  24. On which type of RNA is the anticodon found? tRNA

  25. What is the purpose of mRNA ? To arrange amino acids in the correct order to make a particular protein. To take the DNA message to the ribosome.

  26. Where does the mRNA go when it leaves the nucleus? Carries the genetic message to the cell’s ribosomes.

  27. Where does translation take place? At the site of the ribosomes

  28. Changing an mRNA message into the protein is called? Translation

  29. How many letters are in a genetic word? three

  30. Match these pairs (DNA) Adenine Tymine Guanine Cytosine Cytosine Tymine Guanine Tymine Adenine Cytosine Guanine Guanine Adenine Cytosine

  31. Match these pairs (RNA) Guanine Adenine Adenine Tymine Cytosine Tymine Guanine Cytosine Uracil Uracil Adenine Guanine Adenine Cytosine

  32. Match tRNA with the mRNA AAA CGA GAU GUU UAU CAU UUU GCU CUA CAA AUA GUA

  33. The formation of proteins using information coded on DNA and carried out by RNA is called? Protein synthesis Gene Expression

  34. What is a polypeptide? A protein chain made of amino acids

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