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Evolution of Photogrammetry

Evolution of Photogrammetry. Thomas Koch. Photogrammetry Today. A broader variety of applications require geospatial data. Acquisition Processing Analysis Data hosting. Needs to specialize!. Data Acquisition.

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Evolution of Photogrammetry

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  1. Evolution of Photogrammetry Thomas Koch

  2. Photogrammetry Today • A broader variety of applications require geospatial data • Acquisition • Processing • Analysis • Data hosting Needs to specialize!

  3. Data Acquisition • The application defines the best suited acquisition method and processing routines • Data availability, time for preparation, processing, scale, precision, area size RealWorks Inpho UASMaster TBC PM

  4. Expertise • How much photogrammetric expertise can we expect for a specific application? • Ease of use vs. advanced processing (flexibility) • Less interactive possibilities vs. more interactive options to ensure success on more challenging projects • Expert quality assurance required? • Less expertise vs. more expertise required up Start Stop GO >> down <<

  5. Challenge for software development • How to ensure precision, proof with “low expertise” software? • Application specifies the target precision level and complexity • Highest accuracy, reliability requires expertise! • We need: More automation, easier workflows with “expert” mode/tools

  6. How to address data volumes Storage capacity • Dense point clouds • High resolution orthos • ... • How to store/host massive data • How to share and distribute Compression Intermediate data Local / Web Web data hosting Web Service Web data hosting Web Store / Download Local data hosting Web Service Local data hosting Local Web Store Local Software Sending Data

  7. Effects on Software Development • Web applications • Computer evolution (memory, CPUs, Clusters...) • Demand for complete “vertical” solutions • “connected devices” (mobile, desktop...) • Combining all data from different sources

  8. Software needs to specialize • According to input data • UAS (large or small) • Aerial Frame • Pushbroom • Satellite • LiDAR • Survey

  9. Software needs to specialize • According to Application to provide most suitable and smooth workflow • “vertical” market requirements Hosting Area Size, Scale Ease of Use Analysis Expert Level Precision Level

  10. Necessary Technical Changes • Cameras • Lower geometric quality / stability • Higher resolution • Radiometry • Spectral (e.g. thermal) • Correction methods • Matching Techniques • FBM-LSM-SIFT...SGM • Automated analysis workflows (eCognition) • Web-Services

  11. Inpho technical evolution • How high resolution cameras affect earth curvature corrections • “traditional” way (ASPRS manual of photogrammetry) proposes a simplified formula e.g. with consideration of a mean terrain height per image, only • Revised formula implemented in INPHO ( see K. Krauss Band2 3rd Edition ) considers individual height values Traditional way proved to be accurate enough while resolution of cameras was still coarser! Corrections would have been about 1/10 pixel For high resolution cameras, difference gets significant! Corrections range up to about 1 pixel * A lot of software is not taking care of that fact!

  12. Evolution of algorithms • The right algorithm for the right input • Different characteristics of input data • Different requirements for deliverables • Why is specialized software so important? Example UASMaster: Trad. Photogr. UAS FBM Robust, Quick, Coarse • Characteristics: • Lower geometric quality of cameras, • Lower quality of approximations • Larger orientation angles • Lower image quality (smears, motion blur...) • Larger image scale (perspectives) • Robustness over speed • Characteristics: • high geometric quality of cameras, • high quality of approximations • small orientation angles • Good image quality • Smaller scale • Speed over robustnes LSM Less robust Slower Very accurate SIFT... Most robust Very slow Accurate

  13. UASMaster is different • Fully automatic one-stop solution (AT/georeferencing, cameracalibration, DTM/DSM, trueortho or traditional orthomosaic) • Optional break-points and parametrization • Addtional QA/QC • Full stereovisualization and more manual/automated editing capability • Complete INPHO in one tool, limited to UAS data • Based on adapted and now even more advanced INPHO core algorithms TBC-PM UASMaster inpho Level of expertise

  14. Example: Quality Editing (UASMaster) • Georeferencing refinements • Automated / manual DTM/DSM/Ortho editing

  15. Evolution of data density and quality • Quality improvements for dense matching (point clouds) • comparison

  16. Evolution into space • Satellite triangulation capability in MATCH-AT • Drivers: • quick acquisition for huge areas • Surveying hazardous areas • Surveying areas that are hard to access • Key to success: • Full automation (e.g. tie point measurements) • Rigorous quality assessment and refinement options • Accurate and reliable georeference • Seamless workflow to follow-up tasks (DTM/DSM, Ortho...feature extraction)

  17. Evolution of format variety • Driver • Variety of applications • Variety of software solutions • Variety of acquisition methods • Recent additions: Trimble Geoids LAS1.4 Camera Conversion LAS compression EXIF Multi-IMU support JPEG XR JPEG 2000 Additional transformations / projections

  18. Evolution of tools and workflows • Keep it simple • Reduce complexity • All georeferencing in ONE tool • Frame imagery • Pushbroom imagery • Satellite imagery

  19. Evolution of tools and workflows Automatic correlation based terrain following for 3D measurements High performance point cloud visualisation Polygon Checks More effective batch conversions, editing, deliverable creation for point clouds in DTMaster

  20. Evolution of workflows • More automation • E.g. automatic flight line adjustment for LiDAR strips

  21. See you at InterGEO!

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