The Rise of the Dictators

1. The Rise of the Dictators

2. Treaty of Versailles Terms of Treaty • Germany was blamed for World War I. • Germany to surrender territory by French border. • Limited Germany’s army to 100,000 volunteers. • Germany must pay reparations (money) for war damages. Signing of Treaty of Versailles in the Hall of Mirrors in France.

3. Aftermath of World War I • Europe was burdened by war debts. • Unemployment caused social unrest. • Several countries moved toward TOTALITARIANISM.

4. * What is Totalitarianism? • A political system in which government controls every aspect of citizens’ lives. • Italy, Germany and Russia would depend on dictators to lead their governments.

5. * Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union • Communism under Stalin – government controls farms and businesses. State police enforced laws. • Belief: Believed one leader should be in charge of the country. Led from 1922-1953.

6. What happened if you disagreed with Stalin? • Stalin removed his enemies from society. “The Purge” • Sent enemies to labor camps. • Members of his party were executed. Stalin in a doctored photo with the head of secret police.

7. Labor Camps in Siberia • Average temperature in Siberia during winter: -10°F to below -50°F (-45°F).

8. * Benito Mussolini - Italy • Fascism – Government led by a strong dictator. • Beliefs: 1 leader. Destroy all opposition. Restore a new Roman Empire. • Socialism – a system in which the state or country controls the economy. Led from 1922-1943.

9. On the cover of Time Magazine Mussolini with Black Shirts. 1922. Formed an alliance with Hitler in 1943.

10. * Hideki Tojo - Japan • Militarism – Military is in control of govt. • Wanted to seize new territories and take control of natural resources. • Invaded the Chinese state of Manchuria. Led from 1941-1944.

11. Germany after World War I • Suffered the most from the Treaty of Versailles. • Germans became bitter as their economy crippled. • Went through hyperinflation - Prices increased as the value of the money decreased. German woman using money as fuel in wood during hyperinflation 1923-1924.

12. Adolf Hitler - Germany • Born April 20, 1889 in Branau-am-Inn, Austria. • Had poor record at school. • Wanted to be an artist. • Moved to Vienna, Austria at age 19. Young Adolf Hitler.

13. Hitler in 1914 • Struggled to survive as an artist in Austria. • Lived in homeless shelters. • Moved to Munich, Germany in 1913.

14. Hitler in crowd celebrating Declaration of World War I. Munich, Germany. (August 2, 1914)

15. * Hitler’s Life in the Military • He found purpose and direction in the military. • Military Rank- Corporal. • Was injured (temporary blindness) during World War I.

16. * The Rise of Hitler • Joined the NAZI party. • Tried to overthrow German government. • In prison, Hitler wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle). • Book blamed Communists and Jews for Germany’s defeat in WWI. • Mein Kampf also provided Hitler’s plan for Germany’s rise to European and global power.

17. * NAZI Beliefs • Believed in a strong central government under the Führer (the leader). • One master Aryan race. • Jewish and Communists were enemies. • 1932 – Led the NAZI Party to victory in the national election

18. NAZI Propaganda Poster

19. Reichstag (Parliament) in Berlin, Germany Burns 2/27/1934

20. * President Paul von Hindenburg Dies 8/2/1934. Hitler named Leader & Chancellor

21. Long live Germany! Interpretation: The year is over. The struggle goes on! The Worm. Where something is rotten, the Jew is the cause.

22. * Actions taken against the Jews Jewish man being searched in Poland. Jewish family required to wear yellow Star of David.

23. * Kristallnacht - 1938“Night of Broken Glass” Nazis destroyed many Jewish businesses and synagogues. 30,000 Jewish men taken to concentration camps.

24. * Non-Aggression Pact &The Axis Powers • Non-Aggression Pact – Hitler and Stalin agreed to avoid war with each other. AXIS POWERS • 1936 – Italy and Germany form a military alliance • 1940 – Japan joins the alliance. 1939 British political cartoon.

25. * Great Britain & France’s Reaction • Appeasement – 1938, Gave into demands of German occupation of Austria & Sudetenland to avoid war. British prime minister Neville Chamberlain meeting Hitler.

26. * America’s Response • U.S. was reluctant to get involved in another war. • Lend-Lease Act – 1940, Allowed U.S. to lend weapons to allies. • Americans wanted to remain isolationists.

27. Bibliography – Text & Video Information • American History. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2008. 804-20. • Discovery Education. 2009. Discovery Communications, LLC. Apr. 2009 <www.unitedstreaming.com>.

28. Image Citations • http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/95/collections/art/sir-william-orpen.html • http://www.schoolhistory.co.uk/studentforum/index.php?s=9d21c8b196f59383d5e15199930fa891&showtopic=5396&mode=linearplus&view=findpost&p=20175 • http://www.mishalov.com/Stalin_28July42.html • http://www.apsu.edu/oconnort/3400/3400lect07.htm • http://www.nps.gov/manz/planyourvisit/gulag-at-manzanar.htm • http://encarta.msn.com/media_461547365_761577899_-1_1/soviet_labor_camp_siberia.html • http://www.philadelphia-reflections.com/topic/25.htm • http://isurvived.org/TOC-I.html • http://home.nps.gov/pwr/customcf/apps/ww2ip/dsp_event_detail.cfm?event_id=37 • https://www.igolder.com/glossary/fiat-currency/ • http://www.secondworldwar.co.uk/ahitler.html • http://bf3039.k12.sd.us/event/why.htm • http://history1900s.about.com/library/holocaust/blhitler14.htm • http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/ww2-pix/hitler-ww1.jpg • http://images-cdn01.associatedcontent.com/image/A1574/157457/300_157457.jpg • http://www.nps.gov/archive/elro/glossary/kristallnacht.htm • http://www.english.illinois.edu/MAPS/holocaust/photoessay.htm • http://isurvived.org/Holocaust-definition.html • http://www.annefrankguide.net • http://www.johndclare.net/RoadtoWWII8.htm • http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/65289/perspective_and_ahistorical_questions.html • http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/image/Roosevelt1938.htm