Time to talk some crap! OMG!

1. All About Poop – The “POOP TALK”scatology (skuh-TOL-uh-jee) noun: the scientific study of excrement Time to talk some crap! OMG!

5. World Record Peristaltic Action • “In February, 1995, working in conjunction with nutritionists at the University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, I adopted a super fiber-rich diet which allowed me to successfully produce a single extruded excrement measuring the exact length of my colon: 26 feet. I documented the extrusion at the Cranbrook-Kingswood High School Bowling Alley, Bloomfield Hills, MI, which offered a length of floor suitable for the process and measuring the results. • The cathartic diet was supplemented by a high intake of Metamucil fiber substance. The weeklong endurance prior to the event was ensured by the employment of a plug specifically designed to curtail any premature excretions.”

6. Introduction • "Poop Primer" by Dr. Oz Poop facts to start…

7. Dr. Oz recap – 3 most important things you should known about shape, consistency, and color… • Indigestible materials move down to sigmoid colon and wait there (until mass peristalsis movement to rectum). Dr. Oz says that the average person takes about 20 hours to push out what you eat.  • More constipated – poo cracks into pellets; due to dehydration the indigestible materials may wait in sigmoid colon and collect for days • Diarrhea – caffeine, dairy can speed food along

8. Dr. Oz recap – 3 most important things you should known about shape, consistency, and color… • Solutions for constipation – MORE WATER! Get more fiber (leafy veggies, etc.) • COLOR: Brown is typical, maybe slightly green • Black/red = may be due to bleeding; may be bleeding ulcer/or due to colitis • Black color  could be due to iron pills • Red color  could be red gelatin, popsicles, tomato juice or soup, or very large amounts of beets

9. Dr. Oz recap – 3 most important things you should known about shape, consistency, and color… • “You want your poo to be like a diver, or sinking submarine” • You don’t want to hear small pellets plunking into toilet…

10. Speaking of dogs… • It turns out that, for dogs, a chemical in chocolate called theobromine is toxic to a dog when it ingests between 100 and 150 milligrams per kilogram of body weight. • Different types of chocolate contain different amounts of theobromine: It would take 20 ounces of milk chocolate to kill a 20-pound dog, but only 2 ounces of rich baker's chocolate

13. Diarrhea vs. Constipation • Diarrhea describes bowel movements (stools) that are loose and watery. • Constipation occurs when bowel movements become difficult or less frequent.

15. Why is poop brown? • The color comes mainly from bilirubin, a pigment that arises from the breakdown of red blood cells in the liver and bone marrow. • Iron in hemoglobin in red blood cells gives blood its red color, and iron in the waste product bilirubin gives rise to its brown color.

16. “Why do we fart more when we eat beans?” • Beans contain sugars (oligosaccharides ) that humans cannot digest. When these sugars reach our intestines, bacteria breaks them down and gas is released. • Other well known fart-producing foods include corn, bell peppers, cabbage, and milk.

17. Does your poop float? • Rapidly sinking stool can indicate that a person isn't eating enough fiber-rich foods, such as vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, or drinking enough water. • This stool is often dark because they have been sitting in the intestines for a prolonged time.

18. What is a fart? • Fart is the gas that you pass from your intestine through your anus

19. Why do we fart? • When we eat, we also swallow air • Food gets digested in the intestines, gas is produced- these gases when passed out through the intestine form the anus into the air are called FARTS/passing gas! • The gases that make farts smell bad contain ammonia and hydrogen sulfide which are made in the intestine • Some things you do - like drinking lots of soda makes you fart even more!

20. Why do we vomit? • Vomiting or throwing up is a process to help protect us from serious injury or even death! • It typically happens when a person eats or drinks something that the body deems as poisonous. Sometimes it is a result of toxins created by an illness or disease.

21. Why do we burp? • A burp (or belch) is nothing but gas! • When you eat or drink, you don't just swallow food or liquid. You also swallow air at the same time.

22. Why is the smell is so bad? • Gas may smell worse when you consume foods that are fried, high in sugar, and carbonated beverages such as soda. • Gas may also smell more when you eats things that you are allergic to and maybe intolerant of such as dairy. • Digestive disorders such as Celiac disease, diverticulitis, colitis, etc. could also contribute to the smell.

23. “What would happen if you didn’t poop for a week?” • Defecating every day is like cleaning out your digestive system • If you keep your feces for an extra day...harmful bacteria in your intestine will have more time to multiply and you could be compromising your immune system • Solutions: veggies, fiber… laxatives

24. “Why do they use poop for fertilizer?” • To start…the poop of any carnivore should never be used for fertilizer! • Human (as well as dog and cat) poop can also carry pathogens. • The poop of herbivores is the good stuff! Cows, horses, sheep, essentially all grass grazing animals produce great nitrogen-rich droppings.

25. “Why do you get cramps (after eating)?” • Cramp = involuntary muscle contraction • If you do any major physical activity (including swimminmg) after eating, you may experience cramps. • If you had a light snack you could continue physical aftivity soon after but if you just chowed down you may need to wait as long as two hours. • These cramps are typically due to excess gas and bloating… and often followed by diarrhea.

26. “Is it possible to poop and pee at the same time?” • OF COURSE! We know that is it is MUSCLES that are involved in helping us to defecate (as well as urinate) These muscles allow us to hold feces and urine in as well as excrete both. • The primary muscles that function to hold in feces are the internal (involuntary) and external (voluntary) anal sphincters. • Due to the pressure receptors in our rectum, and we feel the need to defecate. Control of urine is similar. The muscles are smaller, but the idea is the same. • We often urinate when we defecate, but not the other way around. This is because our anal sphincters are stronger than our urinary sphincters and it is easier for us to have control over our bowels than our urine.

27. “Why can adults hold their poop for longer periods of time?” • Control of external voluntary anal canal sphincter • Defecation is under conscious (voluntary) control in adults but unconscious (involuntary) control in babies and infants until voluntary control of the external anal sphincter muscle has developed.

28. “Why do I poop every day in the morning?” • Because you just had your morning cup of coffee of course!!??

29. “Why do people vomit when they see something gross?” • Often is an emotional reaction. It can be the result of informal social training. "Oh that's gross, I'm going puke!!” • Vomiting occurs when the nervous supply to the pharynx, esophagus, stomach and duodenum of the small intestine is overstimulated. • This often occurs as a result of irritation to these organs or due to emotional cues

30. “What is the active ingredient in laxatives?” • Laxatives work to increase the movement of feces along the colon. • Some laxatives combine more than one active ingredient. Laxatives may be oral or in suppository form. • Main ingredient: Lactulose - which retains water in the colon, and increases peristalsis in the colon.

31. Esophageal Screening & ColonoscopyENDOSCOPY

32. Gastric Bypass

33. Anorexia nervosa • obsession about weight • attempt to maintain a weight that's far below normal for their age and height • may starve themselves or exercise excessively (unhealthy way to try to cope with emotional problems)

34. Bulimia • person binges on food or has regular episodes of overeating • use of different methods - such as vomiting or abusing laxatives - to prevent weight gain. (many (but not all) people with bulimia also have anorexia nervosa)

35. Cirrhosis • the result of advanced liver disease • characterized by replacement of liver tissue by fibrous (scar tissue) and regenerative nodules • Leads to loss of liver function (Cirrhosis is most commonly caused by alcoholism and hepatitis)

36. IBD, Crohn’s, Colitis

37. Colitis • What does it literally mean? • Happens in MUCOSA layer

38. Hernias A hernia is usually a sac formed by the lining of the abdominal cavity (peritoneum). The sac comes through a hole or weak area in the fascia. When repaired the muscle as well as the lining needs to be closed up.

39. Inflammatory or irritable bowel disease = IBD Crohn's disease is a form of IBD that usually affects the intestines, but may occur anywhere from the mouth to the end of the rectum (anus) Ulcerative colitis is a type of IBD that usually affects only the mucosa of the large intestine (colon) and rectum

40. IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME • symptom-based diagnosis ; often caused by stress • characterized by chronic abdominal pain, discomfort, bloating, and alteration of bowel habits • Diarrhea or constipation are common

41. Celiac Disease • Celiac disease is a condition that damages the lining (villi) of the small intestine • This is due to a reaction to eating gluten, which is found in wheat, barley, and rye

42. Malocclusion • poor bite due to… upper front teeth are pushed outward (buck teeth) - small lower mandible may be the cause • spacing or crowding problems • overbite/ underbite

43. Let’s Feed the System! NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

44. ANIMAL POOP

45. Largest poop: blue whale

46. Largest poop: blue whale

47. Smallest mammal poop: bumblebee bat

48. Who Pooped? An interactive game by the Minnesota Zoo: Farm animals www.whopooped.org African animals www.whopooped.org/Africa

49. WHY DO WE BURP? • A burp (or belch) is nothing but gas! • When you eat or drink, you don't just swallow food or liquid. You also swallow air at the same time.

50. “HOW LONG DOES THIS PROCESS TAKE?” From when you eat until when you have to go… what about different foods do they go faster? • Digestion time varies between individuals and between men and women. • After you eat, it takes about 6 to 8 hours for food to pass through your stomach and small intestine. • Average transit time through just the large intestine (colon) is about 40 hours.