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Wednesday, January 16 th

Wednesday, January 16 th. Reminders: DNA Test Friday. What is a mutation?. What is the difference between the following mRNA strands? AUG CCG AUU UAG AUG CGA UUU AG. Mutations. What Are Mutations?. Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA

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Wednesday, January 16 th

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  1. Wednesday, January 16th • Reminders: • DNA Test Friday What is a mutation?

  2. What is the difference between the following mRNA strands? • AUG CCG AUU UAG • AUG CGA UUU AG

  3. Mutations

  4. What Are Mutations? • Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA • May occur in body cells (aren’t passed to offspring) • May occur in gametes (eggs & sperm) and be passed to offspring

  5. Are Mutations Helpful or Harmful? • Mutations happen regularly • Almost all mutations are neutral • Chemicals & UV radiation cause mutations • Many mutations are repaired by enzymes

  6. Are Mutations Helpful or Harmful? • Some type of skin cancers and leukemia result from body cell mutations • Some mutations may improve an organism’s survival (beneficial)

  7. Types of Mutations • Chromosome • Gene

  8. Gene Mutations • Change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene • May only involve a single nucleotide • May be due to copying errors, chemicals, viruses, etc.

  9. Types of Gene Mutations • Include: • Point Mutations • Frameshift • Insertion • Deletion • Substitutions • Inversion • Translocation

  10. Point Mutation • Change of a single nucleotide • Includes the deletion, insertion, or substitution of ONE nucleotide in a gene

  11. Point Mutation • Sickle Cell disease is the result of one nucleotide substitution • Occurs in the hemoglobin gene

  12. Frameshift Mutation • Inserting or deleting one or more nucleotides • Changes the “reading frame” like changing a sentence • Proteins built incorrectly

  13. Frameshift Mutation • Original: • The fat cat ate the wee rat. • Frame Shift (“a” added): • The fat caatet hew eer at.

  14. Amino Acid Sequence Changed

  15. Substitution Mutation • A nitrogen base is replaced (substituted) with another nitrogen base.

  16. Inversion Mutation • An entire section of DNA is reversed!

  17. Gene Mutation Animation

  18. Translocation Mutation • A segment of DNA moves from one part of the sequence to another part CCA TGC ATA CGG ATA CCA TGC CGG Original

  19. DNA Mutation Practice

  20. AUG UGG AAC CGC UGC UGA Met TrpAsnArgCys Stop

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