Yr 11 Preliminary Business Studies topics

1. Yr 11 Preliminary Business Studies topics TOPIC 1 Nature of Business ✔ TOPIC 2 Business Management TOPIC 3 Business Planning

2. TOPIC 3 Business Planning Yr 11 Preliminary Course Part 3 The focus of this topic is: The processes of establishing and planning a small to medium enterprise

3. What we will cover …the Syllabus • Students learn about • Small to Medium Enterprises (SME’s) • Influences in establishing SME’s • The business planning process • Critical issues in business success and failure • Students learn to • Examine contemporary business issues • Investigate aspects of businesses using hypothetical situations and actual business case studies • Prepare a small business plan

4. The 4 main topics in Business Planning are: Small to Medium enterprises (SME’s) ✔ Completed Influences in establishing SME’s ✔ Completed The business planning process Critical issues in business success and failure

5. We are now up to part 3 in this topic The business planning process Critical issues in business success and failure • Small to Medium enterprises • SME’s • ✔ Completed • Influences in establishing SME’s • ✔ Completed

6. The Business Planning Process covers… 1. The Role of the Business Plan 2. Business Planning Process 3. Sources of Planning Ideas 4. Vision Statement 5. Goals/Objectives 6. Organising Resources 7. Forecasting 8. Monitoring & Evaluating 9. Taking Corrective Action - Modification

7. You wouldn’t go on a year long trip around Australia without firstly planning the trip!

8. The business plan is like a road map It plots the route the business will travel

9. Activity: Planning Your ‘Schoolies’ Holiday! • Imagine you are taking ONE month trip around Australia with your friends as part of your end of Year 12 “Schoolies” holiday • Write down all the things you would need to organise before and on the trip

10. “Learn the Lingo” first!

11. “Learn the Lingo” first cont.

12. The Role of the Business Plan • The first task of anyone wanting to commence a business is to undertake thorough planning. • The planning will provide the foundation on which the business will be built. • Strong, firm foundations will usually result in a successful business.

13. What exactly is the business plan? • EXACTLY THAT = A plan for a business • It is a written statement of the business’s goals and the steps to be taken to achieve them • It is a summary and an evaluation of a business idea in written form • It is a ‘living document’/working document • A comprehensive business plan will assist when arranging finance for the business

14. Activity: • Page 393 in your text • Read the case study • Answer the Ques 1- 4

15. The main reasons for business owners’ failure to plan

16. Role of the business plan cont. • Types of Business Plans: • No TWO businesses are the same • Neither are TWO business plans • A business plan for a TNC (Global company) will be detailed and comprehensive. It will add up to hundreds of pages, having taken much time, effort and money to prepare. Its presentation will be highly professional and distributed to a large number of the company's senior management. • A business plan for a SME may be only 10–15 pages in length, word processed at home and circulated to only a few people.

17. Role of the business plan cont. • Depending on variables such as the product, the market, the size of the business and its location, each business will have a unique set of information in its business plan • Regardless of their type, length, appearance and distribution, all business plans have a number of common elements

18. Activity: Unjumble the business plan • In groups of 4 • Place the headings in the correct order • Note: not all are headings, some are sub headings! • You’ve got 10 minutes

19. Common elements of the business plan

20. Example Executive summary Operational, Marketing, Organisational, Financial Plans

21. Benefits of a business plan

22. Benefits of a business plan cont. • The written plan becomes a useful reference point for the running of the business. • Any small business with a plan has direction, which ultimately saves money, time and effort, and also increases the likelihood of success. • Preparing a business plan is very similar to completing an assessment task. The result will reflect the amount of time, effort and research that goes into the plan and its final presentation.

23. Business Planning Process • Planning is a process, a series of actions to achieve a goal • For example – if you decide to have a party Saturday night, this is your goal. • Unless you undertake some planning you will be unable to achieve this goal. • You will need to invite people, organise food, drink, music and choose a venue. These tasks are the series of actions, an action plan, that you need to undertake to achieve the goal.

24. Business Planning Process • A business plan is far more than just listing ideas • The business plan needs to analyse the whole business by examining ALL parts of the operation. • As a result , each part of the business can function effectively and achieve its goals.

25. Party Action Plan!

26. Identify the most appropriate words from below to complete the following sentences plan strengths direction fail review costs link loan flexible goals Businesses do not plan to __________, they fail to __________. Business plans should be _____________ — that is, modified as conditions change. A business owner should regularly _____________ the business plan and modify it when the business environment changes. Without a business plan the business lacks _____________. Many business owners do not prepare a plan because they think it _______________ too much. When reviewing an application for a _____________, financial institutions will want to examine the business plan. __________________ are what you want to achieve. A business plan helps identify the business's ______________ and weaknesses. The planning process is the __________ between the owner's ideas and the actual operation of the business.

27. Sources of Planning Ideas • We have already examined how the business environment is divided into two categories: • the internal business environment • This covers the factors within the direct control of the owners. It represents what occurs within the business. • the external business environment. • This is the larger environment within which the business operates. It consists of factors over which the business has little control, and represents what occurs on a larger scale outside the business • A SWOT Analysis is an excellent technique for gathering information for use in the business plan and can be used at all stages of the planning process.

28. SWOT is a technique for gathering information

29. Vision Statement • The vision statement broadly states what the business aspires to become; its purpose and its function. • The vision of the National Australia Bank, for example, is ‘we will be a leading international financial services company which is trusted by you and renowned for getting it right’. • Vision statements are sometimes called mission statements. The two terms are often used interchangeably.

30. Vision Statement Purpose of the vision statement • The main purpose of the vision statement is to guide and direct the business owners, managers and employees. • It creates the culture within the business and acts as a benchmark against which to measure all the business's decisions and operations.

31. Goals/Objectives • Once the owner has formulated the vision statement for the business, they can determine specific goals. • People start up a business because they want to achieve something; they have a goal they want to accomplish. • A goal states what a business expects to achieve over a set time, which will assist in realising the business's vision. • Goals for businesses could include the following: • to become the largest business in the market • to improve market share • to provide a reasonable return for investors • to contribute to the wellbeing of the community. • All these goals have one thing in common: they are the motivating force behind the business.

32. Goals/Objectives The objectives established at each layer of the business's hierarchy are devised with the purpose of helping to achieve the strategic goal.

33. Goals/Objectives ACTIVITY: Let’s come up with our own Vision, Goal, Objective on the board

34. Financial Goals • All businesses have financial goals and a system of financial record keeping. Financial records are also used to determine a business’s level of success in achieving its financial goals. • The 4 main financial goals are: • Profit • Market Share • Growth and diversification • Share price

35. 4 financial goals

36. Social Goals • All businesses operate within a community and like individuals they have certain social responsibilities. • Some businesses develop social goals and adopt strategies that will benefit the community whilst still achieving financial goals. • These are the main social goals • Community service • Provision of employment • Social justice • Ecological sustainability

37. ACTIVITY: Find a definition and example

38. Personal goals of managers/owners Fill in the missing words • Business owners normally have a _______of personal goals. • Often the nature and _____________of the business tend to reflect these personal goals, especially in SMEs. • The personal goal of achieving _________ ________and greater_______ __________, for example, will complement the business goals of growth and diversification. • Personal goals for business owners are not __________included in the business plan or mission statement. However, this does not diminish their importance, because they __________ the business owner and may underpin the __________of the SME. normally number higher income motivate operation financial security viability

39. Long Term Growth • Is the ability of a business to continually expand • It is using the business’s asset structure to increase sales, profits and market share. • It is an important goal of management as it ensures that the business is sustainable into the future. Most businesses grow on their own, but this growth can be accelerated with the assistance of good planning and sound strategies.

40. Long term growth plans • Myer, for example, recently put in place a number of strategies to increase profit maximisation to help guarantee its long-term growth. The strategies included a: • price discounting tactic to entice customers into its stores • targeted promotional sales of exclusive brands that have high profit margins • streamlining of its logistics systems • concentrated effort to reduce shoplifting with the installation of security cameras.

41. Other strategies to achieve long term growth are • Customer feedback. Google, the internet's number one search engine, continuously and rapidly upgrades its operating system by listening to its customers. • Supplier and customer partnerships. Bridgeport Manufacturing provides customers with the opportunity to develop products in consultation with the business's designers. • Product innovation. Zentech Computers focuses on bringing three new products onto the market every six months by undertaking constant research and development. • Sigma Six. This business management approach, originally developed by Motorola and used extensively in all types of businesses, aims to improve business performance by improving quality, reducing costs and creating new opportunities. A sigma six process is one in which 99.99% of all manufactured products are defect free.

42. Organising Resources • Once the SME owner has formulated the vision, goals and objectives, then he/she MUST organise the resources • Human effort, time, money, equipment, materials – all needed to fulfil the plan • Organising is determining: • WHAT IS TO BE DONE • WHO IS TO DO IT • HOW IT IS TO BE DONE The owner must determine all the activities that employees perform from ordering stock through preparing financial reports to meeting with clients and all the equipment, money and facilities that employees need to carry out those activities. This results in the creation of an organisational structure.

43. Organising Resourcesan organisational structure defines how tasks are divided and resources used Defining the vision, goals Determining the activities Grouping the activities into 4 key functions Assigning the activities to staff Designing a hierarchy of relationships

44. Each of the 4 key business functions require specific resources that need to be effectively organised Part of the organising process requires resource allocation The efficient distribution of resources to meet the goals of the business

45. Organising Resources • Benefits of a properly implemented organising process are: • establishes a chain of command that results in an orderly way of communicating within the business • creates a coordinated work environment by outlining sensible guidelines for who does what and who is responsible for various activities • provides a sense of common purpose so that all employees are working towards a common vision, goal or objective • organises resources in the most efficient manner so that all employees can perform their tasks.

46. Operations • Is the transforming of different types of inputs i.e raw materials, labour, equipment and other resources into finished or semi finished goods and services • Other wise known as ‘production’ • Questions such as these need to be addressed • What type of equipment and raw materials are needed? • Which suppliers will be used to purchase the equipment and raw materials? • How much money needs to be allocated for the purchase of the raw materials and resources? • What storage, warehouse and delivery systems are required? • What level of technical expertise will employees need to achieve maximum production from the raw materials and equipment?

47. Marketing • Is made up of the product, price, promotion and distribution of goods/services and a clearly defined target market (customer). • Marketing is NOT just selling or advertising • A marketing plan will only succeed if all sections of the business are involved in satisfying a customer's needs and wants, while achieving the business's goals. This means that the marketing plan needs to become integrated into all aspects of the business. • The efforts of all employees in the marketing department must be coordinated and this is best achieved by adequate resourcing. For example, the sales consultants, advertising personnel, market research staff, distribution people and so on must be provided with the informational, financial and physical resources to perform their jobs.

48. Finance • New business ventures, even micro ones, require funds to operate. In organising the financial resources, one of the most important questions the SME owner needs to answer is ‘What will be the most appropriate source of financing?’ • The most common sources are personal savings and/or loans from family, friends or banks. For example, Megan Pearce started her business ‘Megan's Marketplace’ with a $15 000 loan from the National Australia Bank and $12 000 borrowed from her sister. • Another important issue associated with organising finances is the amount of equity (ownership of the business) and potential control a SME owner must hand over to obtain the necessary financing. If the SME owner decides to fund the business by using equity capital, the investor will be given some form of ownership in the business. • Frequently, SMEs that are aiming for relatively moderate growth use mainly debt capital with the owners retaining most or all of the equity. • Finally, when organising the financial resources, the SME owner must explore the wide range of federal and state government grants — any monetary or financial assistance that does not generally have to be repaid — and other funding programs. Generally, there are no grants for starting a business. Grants are usually provided for: expanding a business, research and development, innovation and exporting.

49. Human Resources • Of course, new business ventures often require the help of others — employees — besides the entrepreneur or SME owner. • Since each employee in a SME represents a large percentage of the business's workforce, a specific individual's contribution can be especially important to the success of the business. Employees are a SME's most important resource. A great deal of care and thought, therefore, needs to be given to how best to organise this crucial resource. • SME owners need to use good recruitment and selection processes to find employees who will be invaluable assets as the business grows and expands. • Another important aspect all SME owners need to consider when organising their human resource arrangements is the need to comply with legislation relating to anti-discrimination and equal employment opportunities. The retailer Myer, for example, was able to retain valuable employees when it introduced a policy of six weeks paid maternity leave for staff who had worked a minimum of 18 months.

50. Activity: Pizza for Lunch! • Imagine you have been asked to make fifty family-sized pizzas for a celebration lunch. You have five people to help with the task. In groups of 2: • Identify the resources you would need to make the pizzas. • Classify the resources as either (i) raw materials, (ii) equipment or (iii) knowledge. • Demonstrate how you would allocate the resources.