Youth Pork Quality Assurance Plus TM A Program for Youth Producers

1. Youth Pork Quality AssurancePlusTM A Program for Youth Producers

2. Why Pork Quality Assurance? • Youth PQA PlusTM is composed of two main elements: • Food Safety • Practices that minimize: • Physical, Chemical, and Biological Hazards • Animal Well-being • Includes proper: • Housing, management, nutrition, disease prevention and treatment, responsible care, humane handling, humane and timely euthanasia Introduction

3. Why Pork Quality Assurance? • Youth PQA PlusTM focuses on: • Avoiding violative drug residues • Increasing food safety awareness • Correct use of animal health products Introduction

4. Packer Requirements • Many packers require PQA PlusTM certification • County fairs, state fairs and other livestock shows may also require Youth PQA Plus certification Introduction

5. Today, residue levels are lower than ever • Youth PQA Plus provides a way to help: • Educate producers about drug residues • Ensure the wholesomeness of pork and pork products • Promote consumer confidence in pig well-being Introduction

6. Food Safety Introduction

7. Animal Well-being • Pork producers have a responsibility to: • Provide appropriate conditions so that pigs are healthy and in good physical condition • Maintain and promote the pork industry’s tradition of responsible animal care through good animal care practices Introduction

8. HACCP and Food Safety Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points • A system used in meat packing plants to help prevent food safety problems • Regulated by the USDA - FSIS Introduction

9. Hazards Three Main Hazard Categories: • Chemical • Chemical residues in tissues including antimicrobials • Biological • A virus, bacteria, protozoa, mold or parasite that could cause foodborne illness • Physical • Broken needles or metal Introduction

10. Good Production Practice #1 “Establish and implement an efficient and effective herd health management plan.” • Develop a herd health plan with your veterinarian • Regular animal evaluation • Biosecurity • Rodent/pest control • Cleaning and disinfecting Good Production Practice 1

11. Good Production Practice #2 “Use a valid veterinarian/client/patient relationship as the basis for medication decision-making.” • A VCPR requires that the veterinarian must: • Assume the responsibility for making medical judgments regarding the health of the animal(s) and the need for medical treatment • Have a working knowledge of the animal and/or operation • Be readily available for follow-up and consultation • A VCPR requires that the owner/caretaker: • Follow the instructions of the veterinarian Good Production Practice 2

12. GPP #2 • Over-the-counter (OTC) • Can be purchased by you at veterinary clinics, feed or farm supply stores and from animal health salespeople • Prescription (Rx) • Available only on order of a veterinarian Good Production Practice 2

13. GPP #2 Medication Use • Label use • Using an animal health product exactly as it is stated on the label • Extra-label use • When a veterinarian changes the medication dosage or any other instruction on the medication label Good Production Practice 2

14. GPP #2 • Extra-label • Your veterinarian may order extra-label use by changing: • Dosage • Frequency of administration • Route of administration • Duration of treatment • Condition treated • Species or life stage treated • No one, not even a veterinarian, can prescribe the extra-label use of a medicated feed! Good Production Practice 2

15. GPP #3 Responsible Antibiotic Use • Principles and Guidelines: • Only use antibiotics following an appropriate clinical diagnosis • Limit antibiotic treatment to sick or at-risk animals • Antibiotics that are important in treating antibiotic-resistant infections in human veterinary medicine should only be used in animals after careful review and reasonable justification Good Production Practice 3

16. GPP #3 Responsible Antibiotic Use • Principles and Guidelines: • Mixing together injectable or water medications, including antibiotics, by producers is illegal. • Minimize environmental exposure through proper handling and disposal of all animal health products, including antibiotics Good Production Practice 3

17. Good Production Practice #4 “Identify and track all treated animals.” • Important management tool used to identify and track • Pig performance • Treated pigs • Ownership and movement of pigs • Disease outbreaks Good Production Practice 4

18. Good Production Practice #4 • Two main ways for individual animal identification • Permanent identification • Tattoo • Ear notching • Temporary identification • Paint crayon or marking stick markings • Ear tags Good Production Practice 4

19. Animal Identification • Ear notching • Right ear • Litter number • Left ear • Pig number • Read ear notches beginning with litter number • Ex. 23 – 4 • Born in the 23rd litter • Was the fourth pig identified Right Ear Left Ear Good Production Practice 4

20. Animal Identification Litter Number Pig Number Right Ear Left Ear Good Production Practice 4

21. Good Production Practice #5 “Maintain medication and treatment records.” Records should include: • Date treated • Animal identification or group or pen identification • Product used • Amount given • Route of administration • Who administered the drug • Withdrawal time Good Production Practice 5

22. GPP #5 • Withdrawal time • Amount of time required for medication to be metabolized, broken down or excreted so residue levels are below safe levels set for human consumption • Set through research andgovernment regulations • Included in medication records Good Production Practice 5

23. Good Production Practice #6 • Medication labels • Trade name • Active ingredient(s) • Indications • Withdrawal time • Cautions and warnings • Storage instructions “Properly store, label and account for all drug products and medicated feeds.” • Quantity of contents • Manufacturer’s name • Distributor’s name • Expiration date • Lot number • Dosage and directions Good Production Practice 6

24. GPP #6 Inventory Records • Keep track of how much medication is “in stock” or has been purchased for use on the farm • Used for accountability • Compare treatment and usage records Good Production Practice 6

25. Good Production Practice #7 “Educate all animal caretakers on proper administration techniques, needle-use procedures, observance of withdrawal times and methods to avoid marketing adulterated products for human food.” Good Production Practice 7

26. GPP #7 • Typical routes of medication delivery include: • By injection • Oral • Topical Good Production Practice 7

27. GPP #7 • Injection • Good for treating: • Individual animals • Animals not eating or drinking well • Risk of: • Broken needles • Abscesses Good Production Practice 7

28. GPP #7 • Oral • Placed in feed, water, or directly in mouth • Good for treating groups of animals • Topical • Sprays, dusts, dips, etc.. Good Production Practice 7

29. GPP #7 Injection Methods • Five Methods of Giving Injectable Medications • In the muscle (Intramuscular - IM) • Under the skin (Subcutaneous – SQ) • In the nasal passages (Intranasal – IN) • In the abdominal cavity (Intraperitoneal – IP) • In the vein (Intravenous – IV) Good Production Practice 7

30. GPP #7 Needles Injection Methods • Prevent Broken Needles • Use a straight needle • NEVER straighten a bent needle • Care for needles properly • Use clean needles • Use sharp needles • Avoid use of a needle with a burr Good Production Practice 7

31. Good Production Practice #8 “Follow appropriate on-farm feed processing and commercial feed processor procedures.” Good Production Practice 8

32. GPP #8 • Guidelines for processing medicated feed are known as current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMPs). These set standards for: • Building and grounds • Equipment • Work space and storage areas • Product quality assurance • Labeling • Recordkeeping Good Production Practice 8

33. GPP #8 • Buildings and grounds • Clean, adequate space, pest controls in place • Equipment • Clean, safe, accurate • Workspace and storage • Designed to prevent contamination, organized Good Production Practice 8

34. GPP #8 • Product Quality Assurance • Laboratory tests conducted or information available • Labeling • Medications properly handled and stored, labels permanently attached to all medicated feed containers • Recordkeeping • Production records kept for 1 year • Samples of feed and ingredients kept for 6 months Good Production Practice 8

35. Good Production Practice #9 “Develop, implement and document an animal caretaker training program.” Good Production Practice 9

36. GPP #9 • Training increases: • Productivity • Efficiency • Appreciation for project goals • Knowledge of changing technology Good Production Practice 9

37. Good Production Practice #10 “Provide proper swine care to improve swine well-being.” Good Production Practice 10

38. GPP #10 Accurate Recordkeeping • Veterinarian/Client/Patient Relationship (VCPR) • Allows caretaker and veterinarian to work together for the health and well-being of the pig • Medication and treatment records • Provide the health history of each individual pig • Provide an overall picture of herd health • Caretaker training program • Allows the producer to keep track of the areas that each animal caretaker has been trained in • 3 major areas: euthanasia, animal handling, and husbandry Good Production Practice 10

39. GPP #10 Emergency Response • Emergency Detection System • Used on most commercial operations • Includes alarms for power failure, drastic temperature changes, or other emergencies • Facility location may allow for visual detection of problems • Written Emergency Action Plan • Provides direction on what to do in case of an emergency • Fire, weather, power outage, etc. • Includes telephone numbers for owner, veterinarian, fire, and police Good Production Practice 10

40. GPP #10 Animal Evaluation –Production Performance • Often an indicator of the well-being of the pig • Average Daily Gain • Amount a pig gains per day • A low number may mean that the pig is not getting the proper nutrition or amount of feed • Feed Efficiency • Pounds gained per pound of feed consumed • Primary driver of profitability for meat producing animals Good Production Practice 10

41. GPP #10 Animal Evaluation - Physical Evaluation • Lameness • Cannot bear weight on all four legs, movement is difficult or impossible • Skin Lesions, Abscesses and Wounds • Signs of injury to an animal • Disease • Symptoms of disease Good Production Practice 10

42. GPP #10 • Animal Evaluation • Body Condition Score (BCS) • Useful to assess nutrition program Good Production Practice 10

43. GPP #10 Animal Evaluation – Swine Behavior • Pigs that have experienced negative human behavior will show fear in the presence of humans. • Body Space • A pig must be able to: • Easily lie down, fully on its side • Lie down without having its head on a raised feeder • Easily stand back up from a laying position Good Production Practice 10

44. GPP #10 Facilities • A well-maintained facility can help prevent injuries to your animal Good Production Practice 10

45. GPP #10 Animal Movement • Movement can be stressful for your pigs if it is not done in a calm, quiet manner. • Eliminate visual distractions from their path of movement • Move six pigs or less at a time • A sorting board is the most effective tool for moving hogs Good Production Practice 10

46. GPP #10 Ventilation • Temperature • Facility temperature should beappropriate for the age of the pigs • Pig behavior is a good indicatorof the thermal environment • Air Quality • Air quality can be controlledthrough ventilation Good Production Practice 10

47. GPP #10 Willful Acts of Abuse • Willful acts of abuse are unacceptable on any farm or operation. If you observe willful acts of abuse, you should immediately intervene to stop the situation. STOP Good Production Practice 10

48. Youth Pork Quality Assurance