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薛智文 cwhsueh@csie.ntu.tw csie.ntu.tw/~cwhsueh/ 96 Spring

How to Write a Compiler. 薛智文 cwhsueh@csie.ntu.edu.tw http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~cwhsueh/ 96 Spring. Planning. The best and complete way to learn to write a compiler is to take a compiler course for the “theory”, read the code of a compiler, and then write a compiler by yourself.

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薛智文 cwhsueh@csie.ntu.tw csie.ntu.tw/~cwhsueh/ 96 Spring

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  1. How to Write a Compiler 薛智文 cwhsueh@csie.ntu.edu.tw http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~cwhsueh/ 96 Spring

  2. Planning • The best and complete way to learn to write a compiler is to • take a compiler course for the “theory”, • read the code of a compiler, and then • write a compiler by yourself. • The planning stage: • Source language issues: • The size of the language. • Will the language evolve? • Target language issues: • Instruction set. • Registers. • Fancy instructions. • Performance criteria: • Changes come from the hardware development. • Portability. • Error correction: for both expert and novice users. • Optimization. /3

  3. Developing • Find an existing language and adapt it for your needs. • If you read some UNIX C (respectively PASCAL) compiler, they are written in C (respectively, PASCAL). • This is called bootstrapping. • How can this be possible and how was the first compiler compiled? • Usual strategy: • Find an existing compiler (could be an assembly language). • Write a simple compiler for a fairly restricted subset of language. • For example in PASCAL, does not allow ARRAY, RECORD, POINTER. • Call this a restricted language. • Write in the restricted language a compiler, that handles advanced features. • Another example: C and C++. /3

  4. Developing Environment • Developing environment: • Use UNIX “make” to management a project. • Use lexical analyzer (LEX) and compiler-compiler (YACC) to simplify your task. • Use “profile” to determine the bottleneck of implementation. • Testing and maintenance: • Must generate correct code. • Regression tests: • Maintain a series of tests of which must be passed after. • Re-pass the suite of tests once a revision is done to the compiler. • Documentation. • A crucial element in being able to maintain a compiler is good programming style and documentation. /3

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