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Early Civilizations in Africa - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Early Civilizations in Africa Adler Chapter 20 Extraordinary Panorama Variety in Geography Early Civilizations contact with Rome and North Africa Geographic Considerations North- Mediterranean- access to trade- coastal mountains- land for agriculture
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Presentation Transcript
Early Civilizations in Africa
Adler Chapter 20
Extraordinary Panorama
Variety in Geography
Early Civilizations contact with Rome and North Africa
Geographic Considerations
- North- Mediterranean- access to trade- coastal mountains- land for agriculture
- East- Rift Valley- some mountains- Indian Ocean
- West- grasslands and some rainforest along the Niger river
- Central - equatorial- Congo-only real rainforest
- South- high plateau- temperate climate-savanna
African Civilization- South of Egypt
- Many ideas in Egypt may have come from south- agri and pyramids
- Kush- similar to Mesopotamia- Khartoum was a major trading center 7th cen BCE Capitol Meroe
- Rome received ivory, gold, ebony in addition to food
- Herodotus - “People were tall and beautiful”
- Axum took over 350CE- future Ethiopia-trade center (Queen of Sheba- converted and remained Christian)
States of West Africa along the Niger River
- Ghana- 5th cen CE- based on gold trade- middlemen- transport to Morocco- also had ivory, ostrich feathers and leather.
- lived in splendor at capital
- Mali- 600-1200 CE Atlantic to interior- converted to Islam- Mansa Musa(p 232) went to Mecca- depressed the gold market-(Gold, Salt and slaves- tax key to wealth)
- area still Muslim- Arabic language unifying force
South African CivilizationsZimbabwe on the Zambezi (River)
- located on the grasslands between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers
- 1871- German explorer Karl Mauch found the remains of a powerful and prosperous civilization
- city (10,000) wall of cement and stone 38 feet high
- found ornaments of gold, copper, porcelain from China
- wealth source- tax on cattle and gold trade
- German Mauch- did not give credit to Africans- prejudice
- historians recognize and give credit to Africans.p 234
General Comments on African Civilizations
- Were varied like the geography
- trade centers were important esp in east with India and No Africa with the Med region
- Islam dominated in north- Ethiopia was isolated
- Islam helped to unite N Africa- same language
- Historians continue to learn more
