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IST 301: Information and Organizations

IST 301: Information and Organizations. Wei-Fan Chen, Ph.D. The Penn State University Wilkes-Barre Campus. Lecture 4: Information Processing and IT Systems. Organizational information processing: Three analytic models Huber’s Model Galbraith’s Model Daft and Lengel’s Model

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IST 301: Information and Organizations

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  1. IST 301: Information and Organizations Wei-Fan Chen, Ph.D. The Penn State University Wilkes-Barre Campus

  2. Lecture 4: Information Processing and IT Systems • Organizational information processing: Three analytic models • Huber’s Model • Galbraith’s Model • Daft and Lengel’s Model • Types of information systems • Impact of IT on organizations

  3. Lecture 4: Information Processing and IT Systems • GM Environmental Activities Staff (pp.448-449) • In 1981-1982 • Change #1: More interactions • Change #2: Power relationship change • Change #3: Work schedule change

  4. Information processing is a fundamental process (function) in organizations. Premise

  5. Definition • Data v.s. Information • Data Science v.s. Information Science • Information processing is the process (action) of collecting, modifying, summarizing, prioritizing, and routing information.

  6. Organizational information processing • Huber’s Model: • Two criteria • Efficiency (message routing and summarizing) • Discretion (message modification and delay)

  7. Organizational information processing • Galbraith’s Model • Overcome uncertainty • Two steps • Reducing information needs • Increasing information processing capacity

  8. Organizational information processing • Daft and Lengel’s Model • Consider uncertainty and ambiguity (deal with effectiveness) • A fit (coordination) between • information processing requirements • its amount

  9. Organizational information processing • Together, the three models provide the basis for understanding why different types of information systems are needed in organizations

  10. Types of information systems • Operational systems: structure work • Communication systems: enhance communication • Control systems: monitor performance • Decision support systems: aid decision making • Inter-organizational systems: facilitate transactions among organizations

  11. Impacts of IT on organizations • Technological imperative • IT as a causal variable • Organizational imperative • Change organizations to fit IT • Emergent process perspective • Consider other external factors

  12. Review questions • What are the three models of organizational information processing? • What are the five types of information systems? • What are the impacts of IT on organizations?

  13. Homework (week 7- reading 4) • Briefly discuss about the three analytic models of information processing mentioned in the article. • Read the case study on pp.477-478 in the reading (British Rail Case Study) • Answer the four questions asked in the article.

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