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The impact of the changing demography on housing need. HSN/HSA Statistics for Housing in an Ageing Society Soho Theatre, London, 14 May 2013. Aleks Collingwood. Focusing on the results from 3 projects today. Older peoples housing: choice, quality of life and under occupation
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The impact of the changing demography on housing need HSN/HSA Statistics for Housing in an Ageing Society Soho Theatre, London, 14 May 2013 Aleks Collingwood
Focusing on the results from 3 projects today Older peoples housing: choice, quality of life and under occupation NPI for Shelter and JRF, May 2012 Who can afford retirement housing? NPI for JRF and AgeUK, September 2012 Supported housing for older people in the UK. An evidence review Jenny Pannell & Imogen Blood for JRF, December 2012 Housing with Care – A Better Life programme The impact of the changing demography on housing need
Characteristics of older people 28% in England are 55+ Of these 42% are between 55 and 64 Around 1/3 of households in England are older person only households ¾ of older person households are owner occupied with the vast majority owned outright Of the ¼ that rent most are in the social rented sector The impact of the changing demography on housing need
The impact of the changing demography on housing need From: Older peoples housing: choice, quality of life and under occupation
Projections for 2033 – CLG for ONS The number of households with an older household reference person is expected to rise by 3.7 million (41%) The 85+ group will receive the largest growth. More than doubling! Households with a household reference person aged 65-74 will increase by the largest amount (1.3 million) Households with a household reference person aged 85+ will go from 8% of the total to 15% Households with a household reference person aged 55-64 will fall from 39% to 30% The impact of the changing demography on housing need
What kind of housing is out there Housing without support Housing with support Housing with care Proportion available for social rent varies by UK country • 76% England • 85% Scotland • 87% Wales • 97% Northern Ireland The impact of the changing demography on housing need
Older person household with support needs % of older person households that contain someone who is sick or disabled is higher than other households (42% compared with 22%) Sick/disabled older people are: • more likely to live in social rented housing • more likely to have limited financial capacity • Less likely to be owner occupiers • More likely to live in a flat or bungalow than a detached property There are around 7.3 million older person households in England and the current supply of specialist housing amounts to around 7.3 units per 1,000 older people The impact of the changing demography on housing need
Who lives in supported housing for older people? Social rented housing • An increased proportion of younger tenants below pension age • Significant number of tenants over 85 • New residents with a wider range of support needs and reasons for moving Owner occupied retirement housing • No evidence of a change in the profile • Average age static over 2 decades at around 80 • Most moving in are above pension age Private rented retirement housing • Limited evidence shows an increase of numbers. Lack of research evidence in this growing sector The impact of the changing demography on housing need
Quality of life for residents with high support needs? Social rented housing • Personal factors • Accommodation • On-site provision • Availability of additional care and support Owner occupied retirement housing • Limited evidence/research The impact of the changing demography on housing need
Older people in care homes The number of care home beds in England in 2009 (EAC data) was about 335,000. That is 41 for every 1,000 people aged 65+ Residential care homes have 60% of all care home beds Nursing homes have 40% of care home beds Who are care home beds provided by? • 70% by private companies • 20% by voluntary organisations • 10% by local authorities London has the lowest supply. 31 care homes per 1,000 aged 65+. All other regions have between 36 and 47 per 1,000 people aged 65+ The impact of the changing demography on housing need
What do older people want? False assumptions A property large enough to sit and eat with friends and do any hobbies At least 2 reasonably sized bedrooms (for family staying over/carer) Accessible storage space Easy to manage heating system Green space, public transport, shops Extensive evidence that living in ‘more suitable’ housing can improve wellbeing. The question is who defines what is ‘more suitable’? The impact of the changing demography on housing need
How many older person households move and why do they? Older people are much less likely to have moved in the last 10 years (28% comapred to 66% 2 million older person households have moved at least once in the last 10 years 60% of all older person households with a household reference person aged 75+ have been in their current residence for less than 20 years Suggests that around 200,000 older person households move each year. That is 3% of all older person households The impact of the changing demography on housing need
What limits older people in their decision to move? Negative framing of the debate Financial costs Physical energy Pets Computerised bidding The impact of the changing demography on housing need
The supply of housing and alternative approaches Who is developing housing for older people? Specialist housing: new models • Flexible tenures in retirement housing • Alternative models for the future • New public and private sector services The impact of the changing demography on housing need
Under-occupation 1 bedroom for every couple and single adult. Households with more than 1 bedroom above the standard is under-occupying Of the 8 million households that under-occupy, more than ½ are older person households (4.2 million) 57% of all older person households under-occupy • 68% of owner occupiers • 19% of social renters Among older people the rate of under occupation falls with age – even so ½ of those aged over 85 who own their home under occupy The impact of the changing demography on housing need
Affordability of retirement housing in the UK Financial help from the state Housing and support costs Care costs ½ million pensioners have incomes low enough to get help with eligible care costs A further 2.5 million owner occupiers could lose their entitlement to help if moving released enough equity to raise their savings above £23,250 The impact of the changing demography on housing need
Older peoples housing: choice, quality of life and under occupation 7.3 million older houses in England in mainstream or specialist housing (about 3% move per year) The specialist housing currently on offer doesn’t reflect the choices that most older people make The official definition implies that any single or couple household with 3 or more bedrooms ‘under-occupies’. Of the 8 million under-occupying households there are nearly as many other (non-older) households as older ones Key Points 1 The impact of the changing demography on housing need
Older peoples housing: choice, quality of life and under occupation Since 57 per cent of all older households ‘under-occupy’ the official definition is at odds with older people’s views and preferences Death is more important than downsizing in ‘releasing’ larger homes An older person’s health can benefit from a move to more suitable housing as long as it is an informed choice and they remain in control Key Points 2 The impact of the changing demography on housing need
Affordability of retirement housing in the UK Not all low-income pensioners are fully and equally helped with retirement housing costs, because of tenure variations The uncertainty of managing increasing housing charges (and care costs) impacts across the income scale Overall, the complexity of different systems makes it difficult for those considering retirement housing to know if and when they would receive any support Key Points 3 The impact of the changing demography on housing need
Supported housing for older people in the UK The UK has around 550,000 units of housing with support for older people, mainly social rented but also for sale In the changing world of housing and welfare policy, gaps in the evidence on sheltered housing ought to be of concern to policy-makers and commissioners of housing, support and care commissioners because of the effects on existing and prospective residents Limited data on quality of accommodation; extent of support provision; and the age, health, care and social needs of social tenants in England Key points 4 The impact of the changing demography on housing need
Supported housing for older people in the UK English data suggests a wider range of people now living in social rented sheltered housing; more people under pension age; more with different needs; and significant numbers aged 85+ Little recent academic or resident-led research evidence of the quality of accommodation or services Many sheltered housing schemes have diminishing levels of on-site staffing affecting the quality of life for some residents Changes to residents’ characteristics and to on-site staff are less evident in owner-occupied retirement housing Key points 5 The impact of the changing demography on housing need
Other relevant JRF work in progress Anti-poverty strategy for the UK Housing and Poverty programme JRF DATA The impact of the changing demography on housing need
