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Lecture 1 Veterinary Service

Veterinary Services and their partners play a key role in protecting animal health and welfare. Everyday, they monitor, detect, notify and respond rapidly to animal diseases. They develop and implement protective animal health and welfare measures, and establish and deliver international veterinary certification

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Lecture 1 Veterinary Service

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  1. Lecture №1 Introduction. State veterinary service of the Republic of Kazakhstan

  2. Kazakhstan is a democratic, secular Central Asian state, a former SovietUnion republic, which gained independence in 1991. CAPITAL: Astana OFFICIAL LANGUAGES: Kazakh, Russian BORDERS: Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan LANSCAPE: flatlands, steppe, rock canyons, hills, mountains, deserts, forests ECONOMY: Oil and gas, mineral resources, agriculture

  3. Veterinary Services Veterinary Services and their partners play a key rolein protecting animal health and welfare. Everyday, theymonitor, detect, notify and respond rapidly to animaldiseases. They develop and implement protective animalhealth and welfare measures, and establish and deliverinternational veterinary certification.

  4. The nature of veterinary services • Veterinary services fall into four main categories: • Clinical services (treatment of diseased animals and control of production limiting disorders) • Preventive services (avoiding the outbreak of diseases) • Provision of drugs, vaccines and other products (such as artificial insemination) • Human health protection (inspection of marketed animal products). • Veterinary services are another area where the economic classification of various components differs and is open to different interpretations. Clinical health services and the provision of veterinary drugs are the closest to being pure private goods. However, there can be positive externalities in treatment, particularly in the case of infectious diseases, that may justify some form of government intervention. It can be argued that preventive health services also justify either public provision, or at least financing by the totality of affected livestock owners, because of the externalities involved and the ‘free rider’ implications of charging individual farmers for services that others will benefit from. There are also moral hazard problems in the market for veterinary services, especially in the area of drug provision and hygiene inspection. These require the government to maintain a role in the provision of these types of services.

  5. Role of government • In most developed countries, where private veterinary practitioners provide by far the largest share of services to livestock owners, governments retain special services connected with the: • Control of epidemic diseases • Control of the import and the certification of export of animals • Certification of the quality and of true labelling of drugs and vaccines • Inspection of meat and other livestock products • Operation of an adequate laboratory capacity • Supervision of breeding centres and quarantine premises.

  6. NURTAZINA GULZHAN SABYROBNA

  7. ThisresearchstudywascarriedoutinthreelargeoblastsoftheWestKazakhstan region. This region was purposively selected due to thehighconcentrationoflivestockandthehistoryoffrequentFMDoutbreakswithinthestudyareabetween1955and2013(Abdrakhmanovet al.,2018). Additionally, the West Kazakhstan region has severalmajorhighways(Aktobe–Orsk,Aktobe–Orenburg,Atyrau–Astrakhan,Oral–Saratov,Oral–Samara)passingthroughthesedistrictsconnectingtheregionwiththeRussianFederation(RF).Thesehighwaysarealsousedforcattleimportandexportfrom/intoRF.For smallholder farmers, a comprehensive questionnaire wasdesignedtoassesstheirKAPregardingFMDinherds.Aquestionnairecontaining open questions was grouped into two sections. The firstsectioncontainedquestionsrelatedtotheknowledgeandawarenessofFMD.ThesecondsectioncontainedquestionsaboutattitudesandperceptionstowardsFMDanditspreventionmethods.Beforeinterview commencement, farmers were given a thorough description oftheclinicalsignsofFMD;additionally,imagesofFMD-affectedanimalswereprovidedtoavoidconfusionamongparticipants.Thesurveywasconductedatthefarmsiteinthepresenceofalocalveterinarian. Bayantassova, S., Kushaliyev, K., Zhubantayev, I., Zhanabayev, A., Kenzhegaliyev, Z., Ussenbayev, A., Paritova, A., Baikadamova, G., Bakishev, T., Zukhra, A., Terlikbayev, A., Akhmetbekov, N., Tokayeva, M., Burambayeva, N., Bauzhanova, L., Temirzhanova, A., Rustem, A., Aisin, M., Tursunkulov, S., … Issimov, A. (2023). Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of smallholder farmers on foot-and-mouth disease in Cattle in West Kazakhstan. Veterinary Medicine and Science, 00, 1– 9. https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.1097 Figure 2 – SelecteddistrictsofAtyrau,AktobeandWestKazakhstanoblastsforknowledge,attitudeandpractice(KAP)study. Theblackboxisanoverviewmapofcattledistribution([FAO]Foodandagricultureorganization).

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