The Role of Industry in Space Exploration

1. The Role of Industry in Space Exploration David Logsdon U.S. Chamber of Commerce Space Enterprise Council November 12, 2008

2. Space Enterprise Council • Formed in 1999 from a forum hosted by NASA and the U.S. Department of Commerce • Original focus was solely on commercial space • Focus has expanded to include commercial, civil, and national security space

3. Space Enterprise Council Present Day Six working groups • Space Transportation • Remote Sensing • GPS/PNT • Space Communications • Emerging Markets • Export Control Policy

4. Space Enterprise Council’s Relationship with NASA • For the past two years, the SEC has worked closely with NASA’s Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) • In January 2008, SEC Space Transportation Working Group (STWG) started Interface Standards activity for ESMD

5. Space Enterprise Council’s Relationship with NASA • The Space Enterprise Council agreed to work with NASA on Lunar Standards • To evaluate, prioritize, and identify lunar interface standards • Focusing on commercial standards that have long term applicability to the lunar architecture • Enabling Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) type solutions • Identifying what would be best served by US versus International standards • Identify candidate sources of those standards

6. ESMD Lunar Architecture StandardsProcess and Products Combined Prioritized list of candidates for Standards • Where those standards might be found • An identification of candidate actual standardsthat exist • Some examples programs/products that used those standards Prioritized Standards with info on “highs” Product 3 Standards Assessment / Availability Standards Assessment based on Scenarios Product 1 Product 2 Using Revised Matrix Using Revised Matrix Repeat for Each Standards Area

7. Lunar Surface Elements vs FunctionsAs Presented to ESMD on 1/16/08 Note: Initial matrix provided to STWG by Dallas Bienhoff and Bill Findiesen Initial set of lunar surface elements from NASA architecture studies Initial set of lunar surface functions based on NASA architecture studies Each “X” represented where the STWG members felt the function applied to the element

8. Product 1Standard Assessment / Availability Matrix

9. Product 1Standard Assessment / Availability Matrix

10. Product 1 Standards Assessment Scale • Depth of Decomposition • Degree of Maturity • Degree of Commonality Functional Level (power, comm) Element Level Black Box Level Arch Level Greatest Depth of Detail 2 4 3 1 Least mature but most forward looking Future & Emerging Current Leading Edge Long Standing & Global 3 2 1 Greatest chance for Commonality Functionally Compatible Interoperable Identical 1 2 3 Highest number is best: “Standards at the architecture level that are long standing and globally recognized, and results in identical common solutions, are most desirable.”

11. Product 1Standard Assessment / Health Habitat Example High Medium Low

12. Product 1Temporal Assessment / Health Habitat Example High Medium Low

13. Product 1Probability vs. Applicability / Health Habitat Example High Medium Low

14. Product 1Final Assessment / Health Habitat Example High Medium Low • This assessment is produced by compiling the results of the following metrics • Return on Investment • Standard Assessment • Temporal Assessment • Probability versus Applicability Assessment • These results are most valuable to the scientific / engineering community

15. Product 2 Scenario Based Evaluation • During the 1-April-08 workshop, three scenario teams performed evaluations of Lunar standards: • Exploration and Science (ES) • Emergency Scenarios (E) • Living and Resupply (L)

16. Product 2 Scenario Based Evaluation • Exploration and Science Scenarios identified at the workshop

17. Product 2 Scenario Based Evaluation • Emergency scenarios identified at the workshop

18. Product 2 Scenario Based Evaluation • Living and Resupply scenarios identified at the workshop

19. Product 2 Scenario Based Evaluation Matrix

20. High Medium Low Product 2 Scenario Based Evaluation / EVA Suit Example • These results are most valuable to the mission operations community

21. Product 2 - Consolidated Results • The consolidated results of the Standard Assessment / Availability and Scenario Based Evaluations are shown in the matrix below High Medium Low

22. Standards Teaming- A Multi Country Example CLICK TO PLAY VIDEO

23. Functional Needs with High Rating Based on Standards Assessment / Availability (prioritized) • Power • Water • Human Factors • Unpressurized Mechanical Interfaces • Communication Protocol • Atmosphere / Environmental • Materials • Reactants / Working Media Relative Importance

24. Functional Needs with High Rating Based on Scenarios Exercise (prioritized) • Communication Protocol • Power • Atmosphere / Environmental • Pressurized Mechanical Interfaces • Unpressurized Mechanical Interfaces • Human Factors • Reactants / Working Media • Materials • Waste Management / Recycling Relative Importance

25. Product 3 Standard Source Identification / STWG Contacts • Product 3 was envisioned as a compilation of existing standards from many industries and nations which were identified as having possible application for a Lunar outpost. • STWG member companies were each assigned an identified Lunar outpost functional area in which to research sources of existing U.S. and international standards. A standard source description form was created to capture each.

26. Product 3 Standard Source Description Form / Water Example STWG Contact Information Synopsis of Top Level Functional Requirements Applicable Standard Responsible Group / Agency Point of Contact

27. Product 3 Examples of Standards Sources

28. Product 3 Summary of Standards Sources • STWG has created a standard standards evaluation form which contains standards sources and contact info for each functional area. • In researching standards, it was noted that each functional area may be decomposed into more specific areas each of which may have identifiable standards sources (e.g. Human Factors is composed of Anthropometry, Human Factors Engineering, Physiology, Human Environments, etc.) • Also noted is the need for emphasis on identification of standards organizations in addition to the standards themselves. For some functional areas, individual standards may evolve quickly (e.g. Communications) and contact with interested standards organizations will be required for proper updates. • Identified international standards to date are primarily European. Additional research should consider other international organizations (for example India, Asia, etc). • In discussion with NASA leadership in May 2008, it was determined that some method of evaluation should be implemented to assess the applicability, value, and integrity of the standards and sources that were being identified. Four metrics of evaluation have therefore been instituted by which to judge each standard.

29. Product 3 Standards Evaluation Metrics • Pervasiveness (How widespread is standard in current use? ) • Applicability (Does standard apply to a space application?) • Timeliness (When does standard become needed based on Temporal Assessment?) • Spaceflight History (Has the standard been applied in past or current spaceflight? Specialty Industry National Most Widespread Use Global Direct Application is Possible Applicable with Minor Adaptation Significant Modification Required Most Directly Applicable 1 2 3 Supports Late-Term Standard Need Supports Mid-Term Standard Need Supports Near-Term Standard Need Nearest Term Need Based on Temporal Assessment 1 2 3 No Spaceflight History Yes, Successful Spaceflight History

30. Product 3 Evaluation Database / Human Factors Example NOTIONAL

31. Standards Source Description Form Standards Evaluation Metrics Standards Evaluation Database Product 3 Summary of Standards Evaluation • STWG has created a standards evaluation database to facilitate judgment by NASA of the value or appropriateness of any identified standards. • All STWG team collected data has been captured and evaluated in the database according to the four developed metrics. The Excel template facilitates additional inclusion of identified standards and sorting and comparison of data. • Evaluation provides quick look into which standards in a given functional area are most applicable and timely; building on the previous Lunar outpost standards development work accomplished in Product 1 and Product 2. Product 3 Development Process

32. Standards Evaluation Results -Summary • The STWG has demonstrated that a multi-industry team can work together to develop products that are useful to NASA • The STWG provides easy access to the enormous amount of participating companies’ technical knowledge • The STWG has an existing network to the international space community that can be accessed by NASA

33. Standards Evaluation Results -Summary The SEC-STWG used a disciplined approach resulting in valuable products to help NASA ESMD Process Provided Desired Information Value Assessment & Availability Matrix Scenario Centric Assessment List of Sources & Examples

34. The Role of Business in Space Exploration • Significant onramps need to be developed for the commercial industry • Several opportunities for the commercial industry to play a role in space exploration

35. The Role of Business in Space Exploration Lunar Exploration (Possible Areas of Commercial Participation) • Launch services • Power • Water • Human Factors • Communication • Atmosphere/Environment • Waste Management/Recycling • Construction • Navigation

36. Contact Information For more information on the Space Enterprise Council, please visit www.uschamber.com/space