Persuasive Writing Lesson 2

1. Canned Lesson Persuasive Writing Lesson 2

3. Step 1: Read the prompt carefully before you begin. Writing Situation: Writing Situation: Many cities are requiring children under the age of 16 to wear helmets while biking, scooting, skateboarding, rollerblading, and skiing. Consider the advantages and disadvantages of wearing helmets. Directions for Writing: Write a persuasive essay stating whether children under the age of 16 should be required wear helmets. Give reasons to support your position arguing in such a convincing manner that others will agree with you.

4. Step 2: Take a stand. Think about the stand that will provide three reasons for argument.

5. Step 3:Prepare the graphic organizer. Now fold your paper into 4 squares.

6. Step 4: Complete the graphic organizer. Unfold the paper and draw a box in the center. In the center box write a sentence to convey your stand.

7. Example: Non-helmet use can cause more traffic fatalities. Write one reason you think helmets should be required. Example: Children under the age of 16 feel invincible. Write another reason you think helmets should be required. Step 3: Complete the graphic organizer. Children under the age of 16 should be required to wear helmets while biking, scooting, skateboarding, rollerblading, and skiing. Example: Physical injury from these types of accidents make demands on our health care system. Write another reason you think helmets should be required. It is important to wear a helmet. This is one way to prevent fatalities. Children under the age of 16 need someone looking out for them because they feel invincible. The serious physical injuries resulting from not wearing a helmet put a real strain on the health care system. Summarize your 3 reasons.

8. Example: Children under the age of 16 feel invincible. • Lack of maturity • Understanding of consequences Video games – get another life. Write 3 details about this reason. • Example: Non-helmet use can cause more traffic fatalities. • Head injuries • Reckless • Unnecessary grief Write 3 details about this reason Step 3: Complete the graphic organizer. Children under the age of 16 should be required to wear helmets while biking, scooting, skateboarding, rollerblading, and skiing. • Example: Physical injury from these types of accidents make demands on resources. • Long term care • Health Care expense • Convalescent Home It is important to wear a helmet. This is one way to prevent fatalities. Children under the age of 16 need someone looking out for them because they feel invincible. The serious physical injuries resulting from not wearing a helmet put a real strain on the health care system. Summarize your 3 reasons. Write 3 details about this reason.

9. Example: Non-helmet use can cause more traffic fatalities. • Head injuries • Reckless • Unnecessary grief Elaborate on one detail. Step 3: Complete the graphic organizer. ELABORATE Children under the age of 16 should be required to wear helmets while biking, scooting, skateboarding, rollerblading, and skiing.

10. Example: Example: Children under the age of 16 feel invincible. • Lack of maturity • Understanding of consequences • Video games – get another life. An unhelmeted motorcyclist is 40 %more likely to suffer a fatal head injury and 15% more likely to suffer a nonfatal injury than a helmeted motorcyclist when involved in a crash. Those under 16 do not often consider the dedication of a loved one caring for a quadriplegics resulting from an unhelmeted accident. Step 3: Complete the graphic organizer. Elaborate on one detail. ELABORATE Children under the age of 16 should be required to wear helmets while biking, scooting, skateboarding, rollerblading, and skiing.

11. Those under 16 do not often consider the dedication of a loved one caring for a quadriplegics resulting from an unhelmeted accident. • Example: Example: Children under the age of 16 feel invincible. • Lack of maturity • Understanding of consequences • Video games – get another life. An unhelmeted motorcyclist is 40 %more likely to suffer a fatal head injury and 15% more likely to suffer a nonfatal injury than a helmeted motorcyclist when involved in a crash. Step 3: Complete the graphic organizer. Elaborate on one detail. Children under the age of 16 should be required to wear helmets while biking, scooting, skateboarding, rollerblading, and skiing. • Example: Physical injury from these types of accidents make demands on resources. • Long term care • Health Care expense • Convalescent Home Elaborate on one detail. NHTSA estimates that motorcycle helmet use saved $19.5 billion in economic costs from 1984 through 2002. ELABORATE

12. Step 5: Add transitions. For example, Moreover, • Children under the age of 16 feel invincible. • Lack of maturity • Understanding of consequences • Video games – get another life. A list of transition words is online! • Non-helmet use can cause more traffic fatalities. • Head injuries • Reckless • Unnecessary grief An unhelmeted motorcyclist is 40 %more likely to suffer a fatal head injury and 15% more likely to suffer a nonfatal injury than a helmeted motorcyclist when involved in a crash. Those under 16 do not often consider the dedication of a loved one caring for a quadriplegics resulting from an unhelmeted accident. In other words, For these reasons, Children under the age of 16 should be required to wear helmets while biking, scooting, skateboarding, rollerblading, and skiing. It is important to wear a helmet. This is one way to prevent fatalities. Children under the age of 16 need someone looking out for them because they feel invincible. The serious physical injuries resulting from not wearing a helmet put a real strain on the health care system. • Physical injury from these types of accidents make demands on resources. • Long term care • Health Care expense • Convalescent Home NHTSA estimates that motorcycle helmet use saved $19.5 billion in economic costs from 1984 through 2002.

13. Step 5: Add transitions. For example, Moreover, • Children under the age of 16 feel invincible. • Lack of maturity • Understanding of consequences • Video games – get another life. A list of transition words is online! • Non-helmet use can cause more traffic fatalities. • Head injuries • Reckless • Unnecessary grief An unhelmeted motorcyclist is 40 %more likely to suffer a fatal head injury and 15% more likely to suffer a nonfatal injury than a helmeted motorcyclist when involved in a crash. Those under 16 do not often consider the dedication of a loved one caring for a quadriplegics resulting from an unhelmeted accident. In other words, For these reasons, Children under the age of 16 should be required to wear helmets while biking, scooting, skateboarding, rollerblading, and skiing. It is important to wear a helmet. This is one way to prevent fatalities. Children under the age of 16 need someone looking out for them because they feel invincible. The serious physical injuries resulting from not wearing a helmet put a real strain on the health care system. • Physical injury from these types of accidents make demands on resources. • Long term care • Health Care expense • Convalescent Home NHTSA estimates that motorcycle helmet use saved $19.5 billion in economic costs from 1984 through 2002.

14. Step 6: From the graphic organizer to the paper. For example, Moreover, • Children under the age of 16 feel invincible. • Lack of maturity • Understanding of consequences • Video games – get another life. • Non-helmet use can cause more traffic fatalities. • Head injuries • Reckless • Unnecessary grief An unhelmeted motorcyclist is 40 %more likely to suffer a fatal head injury and 15% more likely to suffer a nonfatal injury than a helmeted motorcyclist when involved in a crash. Those under 16 do not often consider the dedication of a loved one caring for a quadriplegics resulting from an unhelmeted accident. Each square will become a paragraph. For these reasons, In other words, Children under the age of 16 should be required to wear helmets while biking, scooting, skateboarding, rollerblading, and skiing. It is important to wear a helmet. This is one way to prevent fatalities. Children under the age of 16 need someone looking out for them because they feel invincible. The serious physical injuries resulting from not wearing a helmet put a real strain on the health care system. • Physical injury from these types of accidents make demands on resources. • Long term care • Health Care expense • Convalescent Home NHTSA estimates that motorcycle helmet use saved $19.5 billion in economic costs from 1984 through 2002.

15. Step 6: From the graphic organizer to the paper. Children under the age of 16 should be required to wear helmets while biking, scooting, skateboarding, rollerblading, and skiing. Not wearing a helmet results in more fatalities. Helmets take care of children who do not understand the full consequences of their choices. Many resources are tapped caring for those injured as a result of not wearing a helmet. • The introductory paragraph (the center box) sums up each reason.

16. Step 6: From the graphic organizer to the paper. Mark Twain once said, “Laws control the lesser man... Right conduct controls the greater one.” This can also be said of the helmet law. Children under the age of 16 should be required to wear helmets while biking, scooting, skateboarding, rollerblading, and skiing. Not wearing a helmet results in more fatalities. Helmets take care of children who do not understand the full consequences of their choices. Many resources are tapped caring for those injured as a result of not wearing a helmet. • Begin the introductory paragraph with a hook. Samples of hooks can be found online.

17. Step 6: From the graphic organizer to paper. Moreover, For example, Next Paragraph • Children under the age of 16 feel invincible. • Lack of maturity • Understanding of consequences • Video games – get another life. • Non-helmet use can cause more traffic fatalities. • Head injuries • Reckless • Unnecessary grief An unhelmeted motorcyclist is 40 %more likely to suffer a fatal head injury and 15% more likely to suffer a nonfatal injury than a helmeted motorcyclist when involved in a crash. Those under 16 do not often consider the dedication of a loved one caring for a quadriplegics resulting from an unhelmeted accident. Children under the age of 16 should be required to wear helmets while biking, scooting, skateboarding, rollerblading, and skiing. For these reasons, In other words, It is important to wear a helmet. This is one way to prevent fatalities. Children under the age of 16 need someone looking out for them because they feel invincible. The serious physical injuries resulting from not wearing a helmet put a real strain on the health care system. • Physical injury from these types of accidents make demands on resources. • Long term care • Health Care expense • Convalescent Home NHTSA estimates that motorcycle helmet use saved $19.5 billion in economic costs from 1984 through 2002.

18. Step 6: From the graphic organizer to the paper. Next Paragraph For example, non-helmet use can cause more traffic fatalities. Those not wearing helmets are more prone to head injuries. An unhelmeted motorcyclist is 40 % more likely to suffer a fatal head injury and 15% more likely to suffer a nonfatal injury than a helmeted motorcyclist when involved in a crash. Those reckless enough to endanger themselves without wearing a helmet are more likely to also endanger others. These actions cause unnecessary grief.

19. Step 6: From the graphic organizer to paper. Moreover, For example, • Children under the age of 16 feel invincible. • Lack of maturity • Understanding of consequences • Video games – get another life. • Non-helmet use can cause more traffic fatalities. • Head injuries • Reckless • Unnecessary grief Next Paragraph An unhelmeted motorcyclist is 40 %more likely to suffer a fatal head injury and 15% more likely to suffer a nonfatal injury than a helmeted motorcyclist when involved in a crash. Those under 16 do not often consider the dedication of a loved one caring for a quadriplegics resulting from an unhelmeted accident. Children under the age of 16 should be required to wear helmets while biking, scooting, skateboarding, rollerblading, and skiing. For these reasons, In other words, It is important to wear a helmet. This is one way to prevent fatalities. Children under the age of 16 need someone looking out for them because they feel invincible. The serious physical injuries resulting from not wearing a helmet put a real strain on the health care system. • Physical injury from these types of accidents make demands on resources. • Long term care • Health Care expense • Convalescent Home NHTSA estimates that motorcycle helmet use saved $19.5 billion in economic costs from 1984 through 2002.

20. Step 6: From the graphic organizer to the paper. Next Paragraph Moreover, children under the age of 16 feel invincible. They lack the maturity to make such crucial decisions on their own. Those under 16 do not often consider the dedication of a loved one caring for a quadriplegics resulting from an unhelmeted accident. They lack the ability to not fully understand the consequences of their choices. Video games give young people a false sense of a chance at another opportunity at life.

21. Step 6: From the graphic organizer to paper. Moreover, For example, • Children under the age of 16 feel invincible. • Lack of maturity • Understanding of consequences • Video games – get another life. • Non-helmet use can cause more traffic fatalities. • Head injuries • Reckless • Unnecessary grief An unhelmeted motorcyclist is 40 %more likely to suffer a fatal head injury and 15% more likely to suffer a nonfatal injury than a helmeted motorcyclist when involved in a crash. Those under 16 do not often consider the dedication of a loved one caring for a quadriplegics resulting from an unhelmeted accident. Children under the age of 16 should be required to wear helmets while biking, scooting, skateboarding, rollerblading, and skiing. For these reasons, In other words, Next Paragraph It is important to wear a helmet. This is one way to prevent fatalities. Children under the age of 16 need someone looking out for them because they feel invincible. The serious physical injuries resulting from not wearing a helmet put a real strain on the health care system. • Physical injury from these types of accidents make demands on resources. • Long term care • Health Care expense • Convalescent Home NHTSA estimates that motorcycle helmet use saved $19.5 billion in economic costs from 1984 through 2002.

22. Step 6: From the graphic organizer to the paper. Next Paragraph In other words, physical injury from these types of accidents make demands on resources. Those suffering from injuries received from not wearing helmets often require long term care. The cost to the health care system is great. NHTSA estimates that motorcycle helmet use saved $19.5 billion in economic costs from 1984 through 2002. Many spend months in convalescent homes.

23. For example, Moreover, • Every vote counts and is important. • Close elections for office • Close elections for laws/decisions • Send mandates to the government. • Voting is your way to state your concerns and beliefs. • Taxes • Education • War Everyone remembers the 2000 election between Bush and Gore that was too close to call for weeks. Congress can help or hinder families trying to raise their children For these reasons, In other words, Voting is not only the privilege but the responsibility of every 18 year-old. • Through voting we practice "democracy“ which we are trying to bring to others. • Example being set • Demonstrate belief in democracy • Respect for lives being lost protecting democracy It is important to exercise the right to vote. Through this process our beliefs and concerns are conveyed. Although many election contests are won by comfortable margins, some have been so close that a single vote has made the difference. We must show the world the importance of voting in a democracy. 2,000 American Troops that have lost their lives in Iraq trying to bring democracy and the right to vote to that nation. Step 6: From the graphic organizer to the paper. Summary Paragraph

24. Step 6: From the graphic organizer to paper. Moreover, For example, • Children under the age of 16 feel invincible. • Lack of maturity • Understanding of consequences • Video games – get another life. • Non-helmet use can cause more traffic fatalities. • Head injuries • Reckless • Unnecessary grief An unhelmeted motorcyclist is 40 %more likely to suffer a fatal head injury and 15% more likely to suffer a nonfatal injury than a helmeted motorcyclist when involved in a crash. Those under 16 do not often consider the dedication of a loved one caring for a quadriplegics resulting from an unhelmeted accident. Children under the age of 16 should be required to wear helmets while biking, scooting, skateboarding, rollerblading, and skiing. For these reasons, In other words, Summary Paragraph It is important to wear a helmet. This is one way to prevent fatalities. Children under the age of 16 need someone looking out for them because they feel invincible. The serious physical injuries resulting from not wearing a helmet put a real strain on the health care system. • Physical injury from these types of accidents make demands on resources. • Long term care • Health Care expense • Convalescent Home NHTSA estimates that motorcycle helmet use saved $19.5 billion in economic costs from 1984 through 2002.

25. Step 6: From the graphic organizer to the paper. Summary Paragraph For these reasons, it is important to wear a helmet. This is one way to prevent fatalities. Children under the age of 16 need someone looking out for them because they feel invincible. The serious physical injuries resulting from not wearing a helmet put a real strain on the health care system. Protect yourself and others…wear a helmet! Ending PUNCH

26. Step 7: Vocabulary Review your paragraphs. Can you add adjectives (describing words) and interesting adverbs (describing action words)? ADJECTIVES ADVERBS

27. Step 7: Vocabulary BEFORE: Many resources are tapped caring for those injured as a result of not wearing a helmet. AFTER: Many precious resources are exhausted caring for those seriously injured as a result of not wearing a helmet.

28. Step 7: Vocabulary Remember: The more sophisticated vocabulary you use…the higher your score. bad dreadful

29. Step 8: Visual Expression Use metaphors and similes to give your essay more visual expression. The cost to the health care system is great. The cost to the health care system drains our economy like a leaky faucet.

30. Step 9: Reread Your Work Reread your work to make sure you have: • Taken a stand and stay on the topic • Given your reasons in the introductory paragraph • Have paragraphs that support each reason • Elaborate on a reason in each paragraph • Have a summary paragraph that restates your reasons • Begin each paragraph with a transition word • Include adjectives, adverbs, similes, and metaphors