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Carthage

Carthage. Dispute over control of Sicily and trade routes in the western Mediterranean brought Rome into conflict with the powerful North African city-state of Carthage. Carthage had been founded as Phoenician colony 500 years earlier. Result was the three Punic Wars 264-146 BC.

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Carthage

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  1. Carthage Dispute over control of Sicily and trade routes in the western Mediterranean brought Rome into conflict with the powerful North African city-state of Carthage Carthage had been founded as Phoenician colony 500 years earlier Result was the three Punic Wars 264-146 BC

  2. FIRST PUNIC WAR • Primarily a naval war • Tactics involved maneuvering your ship in such a way so that you could ram and sink enemy • Carthage very good at this because of long experience as naval power • Rome had small navy and little experience in naval warfare • Defeated time and time again by larger and more experienced Carthaginian navy

  3. ROME WINS THE FIRST ONE • Rome would not surrender • Finally turned the tables on Carthage by changing rules of naval warfare • Equipped ships with huge hooks and stationed soldiers on ships • Would hook enemy ship, pull it nearby, and board it with soldiers • Converted naval warfare into mini-land battles • Something Rome was very good at • Won First Punic War as a result

  4. SECOND PUNIC WAR • Carthagian general Hannibal surprises Romans, leads army from Spain, through southern France and the Alps, and invades Italy from the north • Defeats Roman armies sent to stop him several times but hesitates to attack Rome itself • Too well fortified • Settles instead on war of attrition in hope of destroying Roman economic base

  5. ROME WINS THIS ONE TOO • Unable to defeat Hannibal in Italy, a Roman army sailed across the Mediterranean, landed in North Africa, and headed for Carthage • Led by patrician general Scipio Aemilius Africanus • Hannibal forced to leave Italy to protect Carthage • Defeated at the Battle of Zama, fought outside the walls of Carthage Hannibal

  6. THIRD PUNIC WAR • Carthage finished after Second Punic War • Hannibal committed suicide • Economy shattered • Lost all territory to Rome • But some Romans feared it might revive someday and challenge Rome again • Notably Cato the Elder • Pushed for another war that would wipe Carthage off the face of the map Cato the Elder

  7. ROME WINS A THIRD TIME • Due to Cato’s persistent efforts, Rome declares war against defenseless Carthage • Wins easily • Entire population of city sold into slavery • Everything of value carried back to Rome • Everything else burned and dumped into the sea • Site sown with salt so that nothing would ever grow there again • Carthage completely disappeared

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