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Mughal Empire

Mughal Empire. Invasion of India India had been through a time of turmoil Hindus and Muslims fighting over territory Turkish invaders: Hindus treated like conquered peoples. Leadership. Babur: 11 year old Tiny kingdom Effective military leadership Poet, artist

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Mughal Empire

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  1. Mughal Empire • Invasion of India • India had been through a time of turmoil • Hindus and Muslims fighting over territory • Turkish invaders: Hindus treated like conquered peoples

  2. Leadership • Babur: 11 year old • Tiny kingdom • Effective military leadership • Poet, artist • Incompetent son takes over: lost most of the territory gained

  3. Golden Age • Akbar (1556-1605) • Muslim leader • Defended religious tolerance • Fair taxation • Importance of cultural blending

  4. Military • Military power root of success • Heavy artillery • Potential enemies as military leaders • United over 100 million people

  5. Social Reform • Akbar pushed for social changes, going beyond mere public works projects. • Improved calendar, built living quarters for large population of beggars and vagabounds. • Regulated the consumption of alcohol.

  6. Gender Reform • Ahead of his time involving thoughts about position of women. • Encouraged widow remarriage. • Discouraged child marriages. • Relief for women trapped in purdah (seclusion)- market days for women only.

  7. Culture • Many cultures welcomed • Persian language • Common person spoke Hindi • Arts flourished • Drew from western influence • Literature • Libraries • Architecture: Akbar period

  8. Decline • Rajputs rebel! • Outbreak of wars with Sikhs and Rajputs • War takes money = taxes • No loyalty to leader • Weakened central state, power of local lords grew • Ended in a patchwork of independent states • Trade with Europeans: India’s next conquerors

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