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Mughal Empire

Explore the rise and fall of the Mughal Empire in India, from Babur's conquest to Akbar's visionary rule, social reforms, military prowess, and cultural blending. Witness a period of religious tolerance, gender equality, and artistic flourishing, culminating in a golden age of prosperity and innovation. Learn about the empire's eventual decline, marked by internal strife, wars with regional powers, and the emergence of independent states. Discover how Akbar's legacy reshaped Indian society and paved the way for future interactions with European powers.

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Mughal Empire

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  1. Mughal Empire • Invasion of India • India had been through a time of turmoil • Hindus and Muslims fighting over territory • Turkish invaders: Hindus treated like conquered peoples

  2. Leadership • Babur: 11 year old • Tiny kingdom • Effective military leadership • Poet, artist • Incompetent son takes over: lost most of the territory gained

  3. Golden Age • Akbar (1556-1605) • Muslim leader • Defended religious tolerance • Fair taxation • Importance of cultural blending

  4. Military • Military power root of success • Heavy artillery • Potential enemies as military leaders • United over 100 million people

  5. Social Reform • Akbar pushed for social changes, going beyond mere public works projects. • Improved calendar, built living quarters for large population of beggars and vagabounds. • Regulated the consumption of alcohol.

  6. Gender Reform • Ahead of his time involving thoughts about position of women. • Encouraged widow remarriage. • Discouraged child marriages. • Relief for women trapped in purdah (seclusion)- market days for women only.

  7. Culture • Many cultures welcomed • Persian language • Common person spoke Hindi • Arts flourished • Drew from western influence • Literature • Libraries • Architecture: Akbar period

  8. Decline • Rajputs rebel! • Outbreak of wars with Sikhs and Rajputs • War takes money = taxes • No loyalty to leader • Weakened central state, power of local lords grew • Ended in a patchwork of independent states • Trade with Europeans: India’s next conquerors

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