Care Economy in Turkey Toward 2040

1. Turkey’s Care Economy Toward 2040 September 2020 Oxfam-KEDV

2. Turkey’s Care Economy Toward 2040 2 Table of Contents Overview ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Key Messages from the Report ........................................................................................................ 5 1. Why Should We Care about the Care Economy? ....................................................................... 8 Gender Equality & Labor Market Dimensions of the Care Economy ........................................ 9 The Fiscal Sustainability Dimension of the Care Economy .................................................... 10 Equity (Access and Adequacy) Challenges in Care Services .................................................. 11 Qualityof Care Services ........................................................................................................ 13 2. The Current Situation in Turkey & Future Projections ........................................................... 15 2.1. Supply and Demand for Care Work ................................................................................ 16 Childcare Services ............................................................................................................. 16 Care Services for People Living with Disabilities............................................................... 20 Care Services for the Elderly ............................................................................................. 22 2.2. The Current Size of the Care Economy in Turkey ........................................................... 24 The Economic Volume of Paid Care Services .................................................................... 24 The Economic Value of Unpaid Care Services ................................................................... 25 2.3. Envisioning 2040: Two Scenarios for Turkey’s Care Economy ....................................... 27 3. Toward a New Care Economy Model for Turkey ..................................................................... 31 3.1. A Brief Survey of Care Models around the World ........................................................... 31 3.2. A Proposal for a New Care Economy Model ................................................................... 34 Pillar 1: A Universal Care System...................................................................................... 35 Pillar 2: A New Financing Approach for Universal Care .................................................... 37 Pillar 3: A Dual-Earner/Dual-Carer Model ......................................................................... 38 3.3. Supporting Policy Recommendations .............................................................................. 40 Policy 1: Better Data for Measurement of Care Work; Policy Impact and Planning ............ 40 Policy 2: Institutional Coordination, Decentralization and Expansion of Capacity .............. 41 Policy 3: Improve Conditions, Quantity, and Qualifications of Care Workers ..................... 43 Policy 4: Increase Quality of Services; Better Targeting and Tailoring in Program Design . 43 Annex A: Methodology for Calculating the Size of the Care Economy in Turkey ...................... 45 Annex B: Care System Financing Models ..................................................................................... 47 Notes ............................................................................................................................................... 49 References ...................................................................................................................................... 53