Types of Essays

1. Types of Essays • Process • Division and Classification • Comparison and Contrast • Problem/Solution • Causes and effects

2. Introductory paragraphs Body (supporting paragraphs) Concluding paragraph Introductory Par: Background information a. General to specific b. Anecdotes c. Quotations d. Questions e. Fact / statistics 2. Thesis Statement: states the subject and focus of the essay Parts of Essay

3. Body 1st supporting par: Topic Sentences (details, examples, facts) 2nd supporting par: Topic sentence (details, facts, examples) 3rd supporting par: Topic Sentence (details, facts, examples) Concluding Par: Restating main points Asking a question Suggesting a solution Making a recommendation Making a prediction

4. Example Everybody knows that the foods you eat affect your health. The nutrients in food keep your body healthy and help it grow. Without proper nutrition, your body and mind cannot function their best. Since no single food provides all the nutrients you need, eating a variety of foods increases your chances of getting all vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients necessary for good health. To help people choose a healthy diet, The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) created the Food Guide Pyramid in 1992. The pyramid shows the groups of foods that USDA feels make up a healthy diet and how much of the foods should be eaten each day for the best health. The Food Guide Pyramid divides the foods we eat into six groups: the Grain Group, Vegetable Group, Fruit Group, Milk Group, Meat Group, and Fats Group. Methods: general to specific, facts.

5. Body (supporting paragraphs) Topic Sentence (TS) of 1st supporting paragraph: The first group, the Grain Group, includes bread, cereal, rice, and pasta. TS of 2nd supporting paragraph: The next two food groups are the Vegetables Group and the Fruit Group. TS of 3rd supporting paragraph: The fourth and fifth groups, the Milk Group and the Meat group, are shown on the next level of the Food Guide Pyramid. TS of 4th supporting paragraph: The last group, the Fats Group, is represented at the small tip of the Pyramid.

6. Concluding Paragraph The Food Guide Pyramid is a tool that helps you to choose what foods to eat in order to get all of the nutrients your body needs. The foods at the base should provide the biggest part of your diet. As you go up the pyramid, the requirements get smaller. The Food Guide reminds us to eat a variety of foods because no single food provides all nutrients you need. Methods: restating main points, making recommendation.

7. Purpose : to describe the sequence of steps in a procedure. It is usually used to answer the question “How To…” e.g.; “How to write an essay” TS: Writing a good essay is easier if you follow three main steps. Patterns of thesis statement 1. It is (easy/simple/not difficult) to_____ if you have the right (tools/equipment/materials). 2. ______ is easy when you follow (these steps/these directions/these instruction) 3. There are (three/four/several) major steps involved in___ Process Essay

8. Pet“How to train your pet” Have you wondered how the animals you on TV and in movies are trained to perform such amazing tricks? Many of their trainers use a technique based on teaching methods developed by B.F. Skinner – known as “shaping. If you want to train your pets, you must understand this technique. “Shaping” means reinforcing, or strengthening behaviors that you want to encourage. Here is how you can apply his techniques to training your pet to do tricks

9. Supporting Paragraph Par 2: First of all, you need to choose your subject. Par 3 : You are now ready to begin conditioning the dog to the bell. Par 4 : You need to choose the trick you want to teach.

10. Concluding Paragraph As you can see, it is really not very difficult to train your pet to do trick. Once you have established a conditioned reinforcer, you can easily your dog a new trick by shaping his behavior If you want to teach your dog another trick, you must eliminate the first behavior by no longer reinforcing it.

11. Division and Classification Pattern of thesis statement • There are (two/three/four) (kinds/types/classes of_____. • I can (divide/classify/group/categorize)_____ into (three/four) (parts/groups/types/kinds). • ___ can be (divided/classified/categorized) into (three types/two parts/three kinds)

12. Everybody knows that the foods you eat affect your health. The nutrients in food keep your body healthy and help it grow. Without proper nutrition, your body and mind cannot function their best. Since no single food provides all the nutrients you need, eating a variety of foods increases your chances of getting all vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients necessary for good health. To help people choose a healthy diet, The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) created the Food Guide Pyramid in 1992. The pyramid shows the groups of foods that USDA feels make up a healthy diet and how much of the foods should be eaten each day for the best health. The Food Guide Pyramid divides the foods we eat into six groups: the Grain Group, Vegetable Group, Fruit Group, Milk Group, Meat Group, and Fats Group. The underlined sentence is thesis statement which classifies food based on pyramid.

13. Comparison and Contrast What is the difference between Comparison and Contrast?

14. Method of organization Block method: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ (introduction) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (similarities) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (differences) __________________________________________________________________________________ (conclusion)

15. _______________________________________________ (intro) ______________________________________________. (Similarities & differences from the 1st point of view) __________________________________________________ (similarities & differences from the 2nd point of view) ___________________________________________ (…from the 3rd point of view). __________________________________________________ (conclusion) Point-by-point method

16. In this essay, it may only discuss similarities OR differences. The method used is point-by-point essay Thesis statement: There are several (differences/similarities) between ____ and ____ e.g. There are several differences between capitalism and communism. Pattern of Comparison and contrast essay

17. Thesis statement 2. ______ and _____ are similar / different in some/several/many ways. e.g. My father and his elder brother are similar in several ways. 3. _____ is different from/similar to _____ in many ways. e.g. Thai food is different from Japanese food in some ways. 4. A comparison between ___ and ____(reveals/shows/demonstrates) some surprising similarities/differences.

18. Introduction par. of CCE Last week when I received acceptances from my top two choices for college, Unair and ITS, I knew I had difficult decision to make. Although I had talked to my friends, I couldn’t make up my mind. It was only after I compared the location, cost, and quality of education of the two schools that I finally decided to attend Unair.

19. Supporting paragraphs 1st sp: The first thing I considered is location. 2ndsp: In addition to location, I had to pay a lot of attention to the financial component. 3rd sp: The quality of education at the two schools had the most influence on my decision.

20. Topics • Chemistry and Biology • High school and college. • Literature and Linguistic • American cars and Japanese cars • F1 and GP • Your own topic……

21. 2. Moto GP is different from super bike based on weights 2.1. Super bike’s machine is heavier than moto GP’s. 2.2. The weight of two-cylinder machine in GP is different from in super bike. Moto GP is different from super bike based on weights. Super bike’s machine is heavier than GP’s. The weight of two-cylinder machine in GP is different from in super bike. Remove outline to paragraph

22. Give details in supporting sentences!!! Moto GP is different from super bike based on weights. Super bike’s machine is heavier than GP’s. Four-cylinder machine of GP weighs 148 kg and in super bike, it weighs 162 kg. The weight of two-cylinder machine in GP is different from in super bike. Machine of moto GP using two cylinders weighs 133 kg. In the other hand, super bike’s machine using two cylinder weighs 168 kg.

23. 1. Illiteracy is a serious problem all over the world. For example, one-third of adults in Indonesia are functionally illiterate. People who can not read and write have many disadvantages functioning in society. What solutions can you come up with to overcome this problem? Solutions: a.__________ b.__________ c. __________ Thesis Statement: Two ways of how to overcome illiteracy are based on points of view from the government, and society. Problem Solution Essay

24. CAUSE-EFFECT ESSAY Essay Plan Introduction; -Provide background information about the situation you are analyzing. -Describe the situation -State whether you plan to discuss its causes or effects. • Identify the main causes or effects • Write a thesis statement.

25. SUPPORTING PARAGRAPHS - State the 1st (2nd, 3rd) cause OR effect in the 1st (2nd, 3rd) paragraphs. • Support the 1st (2nd, 3rd) cause OR effect with facts, examples, statistics or quotations. CONCLUSION • Summarize the main causes/effects. • Draw a conclusion.