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American Attitudes Toward Music

American Attitudes Toward Music. Conducted for: National Association of Music Merchants. Table of Contents. I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. Introduction and Executive Summary …………………………… Objectives and Methodology ……………………………………… Current Players in Households…………………………………….

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American Attitudes Toward Music

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  1. American Attitudes Toward Music Conducted for: National Association of Music Merchants

  2. Table of Contents I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. Introduction and Executive Summary …………………………… Objectives and Methodology ……………………………………… Current Players in Households……………………………………. Former Players in Households…………………………………….. Ownership of Musical Instruments………………………………... Personal Experiences and Opinions of Respondents……………… Attitudes Toward Playing a Musical Instrument………...……….. Demographics for Year 2000 Study………………………………… Questionnaire………………………………………………………... 3 8 10 24 33 43 53 70 74

  3. I.Introduction and Executive Summary

  4. Introduction and Executive Summary Introduction • The National Association of Music Merchants (NAMM) commissioned The Gallup Organization (Gallup) to conduct a national telephone survey to profile household participation and attitudes regarding the playing of musical instruments and, where appropriate, compare these findings to previous national surveys conducted between 1978 and 1997. Executive Summary • One half of households (50%) have at least one person, age five or older, who currently plays a musical instrument. This proportion of households with current players has increased substantially over the 38% reported in 1997. • Also, in 40% of households two or more persons play a musical instrument, compared to 34% in 1997.

  5. Introduction/Executive Summary, Cont. • The gender breakdown among those who play musical instruments remains at approximately 50% males and 50% females. In terms of age, there is a continuing decline in the proportion of players who are under age 35. • Most players continue to decide for themselves what instrument they will play. By gender, males continue to decide for themselves more often than females. • In nearly three-fifths of households (58%) someone has played a musical instrument but is no longer an active player, significantly higher than the 47% incidence for 1997. • In terms of age, former players were significantly less likely to be under age 18 in 2000 than they were in 1997.

  6. Introduction/Executive Summary, Cont. • Half (50%) of households in 2000 can be classified as current player households compared to 38% in 1997. Related to this, nonplayer households have dropped from 34% in 1997 to 23% in 2000. • More than half (53%) of households in 2000 owned at least one musical instrument, compared to 43% in 1997. • A musical retailer is the source most likely to be considered when shopping for or buying a musical instrument. • Current player households are least likely to purchase new, while nonplayer households are most likely. Former player households are in-between. • Regarding how persons get motivated to initially start playing, significantly more were encouraged by their parents in 2000 than they were in 1997. Conversely, significantly less became interested on their own compared to 1997.

  7. Introduction/Executive Summary, Cont. • In both 1997 and 2000, the typical ages for first learning to play a musical instrument were 5 to 11. In both years, females were significantly more likely than males to first learn to play during these pre-teenage years. • As in 1997, most persons in 2000 said they first learned to play a musical instrument either through private lessons or lessons at school. In both years, females were significantly more likely to take private lessons than were male. • Compared to previous years, the respondents in the year 2000 survey gave significantly higher positive ratings to all of the general attitudinal statements included in the research. Likewise, the respondents gave significantly higher positive ratings to virtually all of the attitudes about music education in schools and children learning to play musical instruments.

  8. II.Objectives and Methodology

  9. Objectives and Methodology • OBJECTIVE Profile household participation and attitudes regarding the playing of musical instruments. • POPULATION All households in the United States. • RESPONDENT Persons 12 or older randomly selected. • NUMBER OF • SURVEYS 1,504 • METHOD Telephone interviewing conducted February 5-28, 2000. • REPORT NOTES For many of the findings “Don’t Know,” “Refused,” and “Not Applicable” responses are not included in the analysis. However, where the data from previous studies is only available with them included, these responses are included so that the results can be compared to previous years. The 90% level of confidence is used for reporting statistically significant differences.

  10. III.Current Players in Households

  11. Incidence of Music Participation by Study Year - Percentage ofHHs Who Currently Have At Least One Musical Instrument Player - 1990 (n=1,002) 2000 (n=1,500) 1997 (n=1,740) 1994 (n=1,500) 1985 (n=1,554) 1978 (n=1,521) Questions 5 and 6, respectively: “Do you, yourself, play a musical instrument of any kind? Please consider all instruments that may be played, even if they are not owned?” AND “Do any other members of this household, five years of age and older, play a musical instrument of any kind? Again, please consider all instruments that may be played, even if they are not owned.” “Don’t Know,” “Refused,” and “Not Applicable” responses are not included in the base sizes. Those who answered “yes” to either question were classified as a household with at least one member who currently plays an instrument. Except for 1978, were it shows no significant difference, 2000 is significantly higher at the 90% level of confidence than the previous years.

  12. Incidence of Music Participation by Study Year - Percentage of Respondents Vs. Other HH Members Who Play a Musical Instrument - 1990 (n=1,002) 1978 (n=1,521) 1985 (n=1,554) 2000 (n=1,504) 1994 (n=1,500) 1997 (n=1,740) Questions 5 and 6, respectively. See earlier graph in this section for wording of question. “Don’t Know,” “Refused,” and “Not Applicable” responses are not included in the base sizes. Compared to previous years,the respondent in 2000 was significantly more likely at the 90% level of confidence to play a musical instrument than were other family members. This difference may be a function of the completely random selection process employed in 2000 compared to previous years when a quota was set for persons 12-19. However, the proportion which the 12-19 age group represented in 1997 appears to be very similar to the proportion it represented in 2000.

  13. Number of Persons in HHs Who Currently Play a Musical Instrument by Study Year - Among HHs With at Least One Person Who Plays - Percentage of HHs With Two or More Members Who Play 1992 (n is NA) 1994 (n=437) 2000 (n=737) 1997 (n=673) 1990 (n=413) Question 7: “How many household members, including yourself, aged five years or older, play a musical instrument of any kind.” “Don’t Know,” “Refused,” and “Not Applicable” responses are not included in the base sizes. Only households with one or more persons aged five or older who play a musical instrument were asked this question. The number of players in 2000 was significant greater at the 90% level of confidence than it was in 1994 or 1997. NA = Not Available.

  14. Number of Persons in HHs Who Currently Play a Musical Instrument - 2000 HHs With at Least One Person Who Plays (n=737) - Percentage Distribution Mean = 1.58 5 or More 4 2 3 1 Question 7. See earlier graph in this section for wording of question. “Don’t Know,” “Refused,” and “Not Applicable” responses are not included in the base sizes. Only households with one or more persons aged five or older who play a musical instrument were asked this question. Percentages may not add to 100% due to rounding.

  15. Gender of Persons Who Currently Play a Musical Instrument by Study Year - Among HHs With at Least One Person Who Plays - Percentage of Players Who Are Female 1990 (n is NA) 1994 (n is NA) 2000 (n=720) 1997 (n is NA) 1985 (n is NA) Question 8: “What is the age and gender of each person in the household, age five or older, who currently plays a musical instrument?” “Don’t Know,” “Refused,” and “Not Applicable” responses are not included in the base sizes. Only households with one or more persons aged five or older who play a musical instrument were asked this question. There were no significant differences at the 90% level of confidence between 2000 and any of the previous years. NA = Not Available.

  16. Ages of Younger Persons Who Currently Play a Musical Instrument by Study Year - Among HHs With at Least One Person Who Plays - 2000 (n=727) 1990 (n is NA) 1985 (n is NA) 1994 (n is NA) 1997 (n is NA) Question 8: “What is the age and gender of each person in the household, age five or older, who currently plays a musical instrument?” “Don’t Know,” “Refused,” and “Not Applicable” responses are not included in the base sizes. Only households with one or more persons aged five or older who play a musical instrument were asked this question. Compared to 1985, those in 2000 who played an instrument were significantly less likely to be under 35. While there were no other significant differences between 2000 and the previous years in the above age comparisons, there is a continuing trend toward fewer players who are under 35. NA = Not Available.

  17. Ages of Older Persons Who Currently Play a Musical Instrument by Study Year - Among HHs With at Least One Person Who Plays - 2000 (n=727) 1990 (n is NA) 1985 (n is NA) 1994 (n is NA) 1997 (n is NA) Question 8. See earlier graph in this section for wording of question. “Don’t Know,” “Refused,” and “Not Applicable” responses are not included in the base sizes. Only households with one or more persons aged five or older who play a musical instrument were asked this question. Compared to 1985, those respondents in 2000 who played an instrument were significantly more likely at the 90% level of confidence to be both 35 or older and 50 or older. While there were no other significant differences between 2000 and the previous years in the above age comparisons, there are continuing trends toward more players who are 35 to 49 and more who are 50 or older. NA = Not Available.

  18. Ages of Persons Who Currently Play a Musical Instrument - 2000 HHs With at Least One Person Who Plays (n=727) - Percentage Distribution Mean = 34 5-17 50 and Older 18-34 35-49 Question 8. See earlier graph in this section for wording of question. “Don’t Know,” “Refused,” and “Not Applicable” responses are not included in the base sizes. Only households with one or more persons aged five or older who play a musical instrument were asked this question. Percentages may not add to 100% due to rounding.

  19. Who Decides in HHs What Instrument Should Be Played: All Players and by Gender - For 1997 and 2000 HHs With at Least One Person Who Plays - 1997 (n is NA) 2000 (n=351) 2000 (n =262) 1997 (n is NA) 2000 (n =615) 1997 (n is NA) Females Males All Players Question 10: “Who decided what instrument (each person in household who plays) would play?” Only households with one or more persons aged five or older who play a musical instrument were asked this question. For all players and by gender there are no significant difference between the years regarding who makes the decision. However, for both years, male players are significantly more likely at the 90% level of confidence to decide for themselves than are females. NA = Not Available.

  20. Who Decides in HHs What Instrument Should Be Played - For 2000 HHs With at Least One Person Who Plays - Percentage Distribution Someone Else Decides Joint Decision Player Himself/Herself Decides Question 10. See earlier graph in this section for wording of question. “Don’t Know,” “Refused,” and “Not Applicable” responses are not included in the base sizes. Only households with one or more persons aged five or older who play a musical instrument were asked this question. Percentages may not add to 100% due to rounding.

  21. Participation in Formal Music Activities Among Persons Who Currently Play a Musical Instrument by Study Year - Among HHs With at Least One Person Who Plays - 1994 (n = NA) 1990 (n = NA) 1997 (n = NA) 2000 (n=622, 612, & 618) Question 9: “And does (each person in the household who plays) take private lessons, participate in school instrumental music programs, OR take other types of instrumental music lessons?” Each formal music activity was read separately.“Don’t Know,” “Refused,” and “Not Applicable” responses are included in the base sizes because the numbers from previous years are only available with them included. Only households with one or more persons aged five or older who play a musical instrument were asked this question. The percentage of participation in 2000 is significantly greater at the 90% level of confidence for each of the formal music activities for at least two of the previous years (for “Taking Other Types of Instrumental Music Lessons” for all three previous years). NA = Not Available.

  22. Conclusions--Current Players in Households • One half of households (50%) have at least one person, age five or older, who currently plays a musical instrument. The proportion of households with current players has increased substantially since 1997, where it had declined over a 10 year period to 38% from a high of 51% in 1978. • Also, in 40% of households two or more persons play a musical instrument, compared to 34% in 1997. • The gender breakdown among those who play musical instruments remains at approximately 50% males and 50% females. In terms of age, there is a continuing decline in the proportion of players who are under age 35. This proportion has dropped from a high of 65% in 1985 to a current 56%.

  23. Conclusions--Current Players in Households, Cont. • Most players (73% in 2000 compared to 76% in 1997) continue to decide for themselves what instrument they will play. As well, by gender, males continue to decide for themselves more often than females. • Compared to previous study years, participation in the formal music activities assessed in the research has increased, usually significantly.

  24. IV.Former Players in Households

  25. Incidence of Former Music Participation by Study Year - Percentage ofHHs Who Currently Have At Least One Former Player - 2000 (n=1,495) 1997 (n=1,740) Question 11: “Have you, or has anyone else in your household ever played an instrument, but stopped? (If ‘Yes,’ ask): Is that you or someone else in your household? Note: If ‘Both,’ code as ‘Respondent has.’” “Don’t Know,” “Refused,” and “Not Applicable” responses are not included in the base sizes. Those who answered “yes” to either question were classified as a household with at least one member who formally played an instrument. The proportion of households with former players in 2000 is significantly higher at the 90% level of confidence than it was in 1997.

  26. Number of Persons Who Formally Played a Musical Instrument by Study Year - Among HHs With at Least One Person Who Formally Played - Percentage of HHs With Two or More Members Who Formally Played 2000 (n=826) 1997 (n=858) Question 12: “How many members of your household, including yourself, who learned to play a musical instrument, don’t play anymore.” “Don’t Know,” “Refused,” and “Not Applicable” responses are not included in the base sizes. Only households with one or more persons who formally played a musical instrument were asked this question. There were no significant differences at the 90% level of confidence between 2000 and 1997.

  27. Number of Persons Who Formally Played a Musical Instrument - 2000 HHs With at Least One Person Who Formally Played (n=826) - Percentage Distribution Mean = 1.39 5 or More 4 2 3 1 Question 12. See earlier graph in this section for wording of question. “Don’t Know,” “Refused,” and “Not Applicable” responses are not included in the base sizes. Only households with one or more persons who formally played a musical instrument were asked this question. Percentages may not add to 100% due to rounding.

  28. Gender of Persons Who Formally Played a Musical Instrument by Study Year - Among HHs With at Least One Person Who Formally Played - Percentage of Players Who Are Female 2000 (n=845) 1997 (n is NA) Question 13: “What is the gender of (each person in the household) who no longer plays?” “Don’t Know,” “Refused,” and “Not Applicable” responses are not included in the base sizes. Only households with one or more persons who formally played a musical instrument were asked this question. There were no significant differences at the 90% level of confidence between 2000 and 1997. NA = Not Available.

  29. Ages at Which Younger Former Players Stopped Playing a Musical Instrument by Study Year - Among HHs With at Least One Person Who Formally Played - 2000 (n=813) 1997 (n is NA) Question 14: “At what age did that (male/female) stop playing?” “Don’t Know,” “Refused,” and “Not Applicable” responses are not included in the base sizes. Only households with one or more persons who formally played a musical instrument were asked this question. Compared to 1997, those in 2000 who formally played an instrument were significantly less likely to be under 18. NA = Not Available.

  30. Ages at which Older Former Players Stopped Playing a Musical Instrument by Study Year - Among HHs With at Least One Person Who Formally Played - 2000 (n=813) 1997 (n is NA) Question 14. See earlier graph in this section for wording of question. “Don’t Know,” “Refused,” and “Not Applicable” responses are not included in the base sizes. Only households with one or more persons who formally played a musical instrument were asked this question. There were no significant differences at the 90% level of confidence between 2000 and 1997. NA = Not Available.

  31. Ages at Which Former Players Stopped Playing a Musical Instrument - 2000 HHs With at Least One Person Who Formally Played (n=813) - Percentage Distribution Mean = 20 5-17 50 and Older 18-34 35-49 Question 14. See earlier graph in this section for wording of question. “Don’t Know,” “Refused,” and “Not Applicable” responses are not included in the base sizes. Only households with one or more persons who formally played a musical instrument were asked this question. Percentages may not add to 100% due to rounding.

  32. Conclusions--Former Players in Households • In nearly three-fifths of households (58%) someone has played a musical instrument but is no longer an active player, significantly higher than the 47% incidence for 1997. As well, 30% of households in 2000 had two or more members for formally played, compared to 27% in 1997. • The was no significant gender difference for former players between 1997 (53% female) and 2000 (55% female). • However, in terms of age, former players were significantly less likely to be under age 18 in 2000 (58%) than they were in 1997 (62%).

  33. V.Ownership of Musical Instruments

  34. HHs by Player Type by Study Year - AmongAll HHs - 2000 (n=1504) 1997 (n =1740) Questions 5, 6, and 11. These are the questions which ask if anyone in the household currently or formally played a musical instrument. The wording of these questions appears in other graphs. These three HH player types are mutually exclusive in that current player households are composed only of those who currently have players, while former player households are composed of those who have former player but no current players, and nonplayer households of those who never had players. In 2000 there were significantly more current player and significantly fewer nonplayer households at the 90% level of confidence than there were in 1997. The proportions for former player households are not significantly different between the two years.

  35. Someone in HH Owns a Musical Instrument by Study Year - Among All HHs - 2000 (n=1,503) 1997 (n =1,740) Question 17: “Do you, or does anyone in this household, own a musical instrument of any kind?” “Don’t Know,” “Refused,” and “Not Applicable” responses are not included in the base sizes. In 2000, households were significantly more likely at the 90% level of confidence to have a musical instrument than in 1997.

  36. Someone in HH Owns a Musical Instrument by Study Year - By HH Player Type - 2000 (n=748, 416, & 340) 1997 (n =708, 522, & 510) Question 17. See earlier graph in this section for wording of question. “Don’t Know,” “Refused,” and “Not Applicable” responses are not included in the base sizes. The three HH player types are mutually exclusive in that current player households are composed only of those who currently have players, while former player households are composed of those who have former player but no current players, and nonplayer households are those who never had players. In 2000, both current player and nonplayer households were significantly more likely at the 90% level of confidence to have a musical instrument than they were in 1997. The proportion of former player households that had musical instruments in 1997 is not available. As such, a comparison can not be made with 2000.

  37. Someone in HH Owns a Musical Instrument by Study Year - By Region of the Country - 2000 (n=265, 528, 373, & 337) 1997 (n =302, 655, 470, & 313) Question 17. See earlier graph in this section for wording of question. “Don’t Know,” “Refused,” and “Not Applicable” responses are not included in the base sizes. In both years the West shows a pattern of greater ownership and is significantly greater than the proportion in the North Central region at the 90% level of confidence. Also, in 2000 the proportion in the West is significantly greater than it is in the South Central region.

  38. Sources Would Most Likely Consider if Shopping For or Buying a Musical Instrument - Households Surveyed in 2000 (n=1,428) - Percentage Distribution Music Retailer Classified Advertisement Mainstream Retailer Internet Question 18: “If you were going to shop for or buy a musical instrument, which of the following sources would you be the most likely to consider?” “Don’t Know,” “Refused,” and “Not Applicable” responses are not included in the base size. Percentages may not add to 100% due to rounding. The examples mentioned for mainstream retailer were Costco, Toys R Us, and Sears. This question was not asked in previous years.

  39. Would Purchase New or Used When Shopping For or Buying a Musical Instrument - AllHouseholds Surveyed in 2000 (n=1,460) - Percentage Distribution Used Either New Question 19: “Would you look to purchase an instrument that is new or used?” “Don’t Know,” “Refused,” and “Not Applicable” responses are not included in the base size. Percentages may not add to 100% due to rounding. This question was not asked in previous years.

  40. Would Purchase New When Shopping For or Buying a Musical Instrument - 2000 HHsby Region of the Country and HH Player Type - Nonplayer Former Current NE W NC SC Region (n =258, 513, 364, & 325) HH Player Type (n =732, 406, & 322) Question 19. See earlier graph in this section for wording of question. “Don’t Know,” “Refused,” and “Not Applicable” responses are not included in the base sizes. The South Central region is significantly greater than the North Central and West regions at the 90% level of confidence. Former player households are significantly greater than current player households, while nonplayer households are significantly greater than current and former player households.

  41. Conclusions--Ownership of Musical Instruments • Revealing again the increase in the proportion of households with musical instrument players, 50% of households in 2000 can be classified as current player households compared to 38% in 1997. This large and significant increase is also reflected in the fact that nonplayer households have dropped from 34% in 1997 to 23% in 2000. • Also, 53% of households in 2000 owned at least one musical instrument, compared to 43% in 1997, another significant increase. At 81%, current player households are the most likely to own a music instrument. In both years, households in the West were more likely to own musical instruments than households in other regions of the country. • A music retailer is the source most likely to be considered when shopping for or buying a musical instrument. Fifty-four percent (54%) would shop there compared to 19% through classified advertisement, 15% via the Internet, and 12% at mainstream retailers. When purchasing, about equal number would consider purchasing new (43%) as opposed to used (39%). The rest (18%) would purchase either used or new.

  42. Conclusions--Ownership of Musical Instruments, Cont. • Current player households are least likely to purchase new (38%) and nonplayer households most likely (54%). Former player households are in-between at 44%.

  43. VI. Personal Experiences and Opinions of Respondents

  44. How Initially Got Motivated to Start Playing a Musical Instrument by Study Year - Among Respondents Who Currently or Formally Played - Became Interested on One’s Own Someone Else Encouraged A Teacher Encouraged Parents Encouraged Questions 20: “Who originally motivated you to start playing a musical instrument? Did (responses read)?” “Don’t Know,” “Refused,” and “Not Applicable” responses are not included in the base sizes. Only households where the respondent currently or formally played a musical instrument were asked this question. “Parents Encourage” was significantly higher and “Became Interested on One’s Own” significantly lower at the 90% level of confidence in 2000 than in 1997.

  45. Got Motivated to Start Playing a Musical Instrument on One’s Own - 2000 HHsby Region of the Country and HH Player Type - Former Current NE W NC SC HH Player Type (n =639 & 337) Region (n =160, 321, 251, & 244) Question 20. See earlier graph in this section for wording of question. “Don’t Know,” “Refused,” and “Not Applicable” responses are not included in the base sizes. Only households where the respondent currently or formally played a musical instrument were asked this question. As such, nonplayer households cannot be compared in the above graph. There were no significant differences by region. Current player households are significantly greater than former player households.

  46. Age at Which First Learned to Play a Musical Instrument by Study Year - Among Respondents Who Currently or Formally Played - Before Age 5 After 18 15-18 5-11 12-14 Questions 21: “At what age did you first learn to play a musical instrument?” “Don’t Know,” “Refused,” and “Not Applicable” responses are not included in the base sizes. Only households where the respondent currently or formally played a musical instrument were asked this question. The 5-11 age group is significantly greater at the 90% level of confidence in 2000 than in 1997.

  47. Age at Which First Learned to Play a Musical Instrument by Gender - Year 2000 Respondents Who Currently or Formally Played - Before Age 5 After 18 15-18 5-11 12-14 Questions 21. See earlier graph in this section for wording of question. “Don’t Know,” “Refused,” and “Not Applicable” responses are not included in the base sizes. Only households where the respondent currently or formally played a musical instrument were asked this question. Females were significantly more likelyat the 90% level of confidence to learn when they are 5-11 years old, while males were significantly more likely to learn in their teenage years. This same pattern was observed in the 1997 study.

  48. How First Learned to Play a Musical Instrument by Study Year - Among Respondents Who Currently or Formally Played - Parent/ Family Member Taught Friend Taught Taught Self Took Band/ Orchestra at School Took Private Lessons Took Lessons at School Questions 22: “There are a number of ways to learn to play a musical instrument. How did you FIRST learn to play a musical instrument? You (responses read)?” “Don’t Know,” “Refused,” and “Not Applicable” responses are not included in the base sizes. Only households where the respondent currently or formally played a musical instrument were asked this question. “Took Band/Orchestra at School” was significantly lower in 2000 than in 1997.Otherwise,there were no significant difference by year at the 90% level of confidence across these factors.

  49. How First Learned to Play a Musical Instrument by Gender - Year 2000 Respondents Who Currently or Formally Played - Parent/ Family Member Taught Friend Taught Taught Self Took Band/ Orchestra at School Took Private Lessons Took Lessons at School Questions 22: “There are a number of ways to learn to play a musical instrument. How did you FIRST learn to play a musical instrument? You (responses read)?” “Don’t Know,” “Refused,” and “Not Applicable” responses are not included in the base sizes. Only households where the respondent currently or formally played a musical instrument were asked this question. “Taught Self” and “Friend Taught” were significantly higher at the 90% level of confidence for males than for females, while “Took Private Lessons” was significantly higher for females. This same pattern was observed in the 1997 study.

  50. Knowledge and Opinion About Senior Citizens Being Involved in Music - Year 2000 Respondents - No Yes Yes No Believe Experience is Positive (Among Those Who Know) (n=251) Know of Senior Citizens Involved in Music (n=1,497) Questions 15 and 16, as follows: Q15: “Some recent studies have shown that being involved with music is a very positive experience for senior citizens. Do you know of any senior citizens that have recently become involved or re-involved with music and playing an instrument?” Q16: “Do you believe this is a positive experience?” Only those who answered “yes” for Q15 were asked Q16.“Don’t Know,” “Refused,” and “Not Applicable” responses are not included in the base sizes.

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