Design of monitoring networks in Spain in compliance with the WFD – Chemical status

1. Design of monitoring networks in Spain in compliance with the WFD – Chemical status CIS WORKSHOP ON SURFACE WATERS MONITORING NETWORKS Elena Pérez Gallego

2. Route Map • Spanish Water Quality Monitoring Network • WFD Monitoring networks design • Projects on the way of development

3. SPANISH WATER QUALITY MONITORING NETWORK

4. Spanish Water Quality Monitoring Network I. Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Network (ICA) II. Biological Monitoring Network Systematic Monitoring Networks SURFACE WATERS Continuous Monitoring Networks Alert Automatic Stations Network

5. Spanish Water Quality Monitoring Network SURFACE WATERS INTEGRATED WATER QUALITY MONITORING NETWORK (ICA) • functioning since 1993 • more than 2000 sampling points • integrates different control requirements • General water quality control (COCA) ICG Index • Quality of water intended for the abstraction of drinking water (COAS) • The Freshwater Fish Directive (COPI) • Dangerous substances control (RCSP) • Other control needs

6. Spanish Water Quality Monitoring Network INTEGRATED WATER QUALITY MONITORING NETWORK (ICA) QUALITY OF WATER INTENDED FOR THE ABSTRACTION OF DRINKING WATER (COAS) Its objective is the protection of the drinking water catchment areas The reference law comes from the Directive 75/440/EEC concerning the quality required of surface water intended for the abstraction of drinking water 842 sampling points THE FRESHWATER FISH DIRECTIVE (COPI) Its objective is the protection of the fish life, although in origin its objetive was the protection of human health The reference law comes from the Directive 78/659/EEC on the quality of freshwaters needing protection or improvement in order to support fish life 406 sampling points GENERAL WATER QUALITY CONTROL (COCA) Functioning since 1962 DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES CONTROL (RCSP) Preferential Substances and pesticides OTHER CONTROL NEEDS

7. Spanish Water Quality Monitoring Network INTEGRATED WATER QUALITY MONITORING NETWORK (ICA) OTHER CONTROL NEEDS: • Bathing network • Nitrates network • Information Exchange network • EUROWATERNET network (European Agency of Environment) • International Agreements: • Ospar (RID) • Barcelona • Albufeira

8. General water quality control (COCA) OBJECTIVE:The control of the general quality and the surveillance of the quality of the potentially contaminated sections PARAMETERS:40 P-C divided into 4 groups FREQUENCY:It depends on the kind of station and the parameter to analyze DIAGNOSTIC:There isn´t any official method although it usually uses the ICG Index

9. General water quality control (COCA)

10. Dangerous substances control (RCSP) • OBJECTIVE:The surveillance of the contamination caused by the discharged of dangerous substances • The reference law comes from the Directive 76/464/EEC • It is composed by 2 subnetworks: • Preferential substances subnetwork(115 sampling points) The Royal Decree 995/2000 sets out Environmental Quality Standards for certain pollutant substances (28) which have been selected taking into account their toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation in the Spanish aquatic environment • Pesticides subnetwork(45 sampling points) • Routine analysis • Intensive analysis

11. Preferential Substances of the RD 995/2000 (28)

12. 45 stations: Zones affected by agriculture 2 Kinds of campaigns: Routine: River Basin District Authorities (8) Intensive: CSIC (Centro superior de investigaciones científicas) Pesticides subnetwork

13. EQS (g/l) for the pesticides measured in the routine campaign

14. Dangerous substances control (RCSP)

15. WFD MONITORING NETWORKS DESIGN

16. WFD Monitoring networks design • Previous studies: IMPRESS Analysis Results • Surveillance Monitoring • Operational Monitoring • Investigative Monitoring

17. IMPRESS Analysis Results: Significant Pressures Inventory 1. Point source pollution Discharges Dumping site 5. Morphological alterations Damps Bridges Canalisation Bank work Dredging 3. Water abstraction Water register 6. Other Strange species Polluted sediments Recreational activities 2. Diffuse source pollution Agriculture Livestock Airport Motorways Polluted sites Urban sites 4. Flow regulation Reservoirs Hydroelectric uses 7. Land uses Forest fire Forest working Bank uses Grain extraction PRESSURE IT IS BASED ON THE CIS-GUIDANCE-IMPRESS WATER BODY

18. IMPRESS Analysis Results: Risk Management WATER BODIES 3214 ASSESSED WATER BODIES 917 On the way of prioritizing 301 616 Program of measures Operational Monitoring Maintenance of the conditions Further characterisation Operational monitoring

19. Surveillance monitoring: Selection of monitoring points • Points in significant bodies of water cross a Member State boundary: ALBUFEIRA CONVENTION

20. Surveillance monitoring: Selection of monitoring points • Sampling or measuring stations identified under the Identification Exchange Decision 77/795/EEC (15 stations)

21. Surveillance monitoring: Selection of monitoring points: OSPAR CONVENTION

22. Surveillance monitoring: Selection of monitoring parameters • Priority substances discharged and other pollutants discharged in significant quantities in the river basin or sub-basin • Any priority substance or pollutant discharged in water-bodies located upstream the surveillance monitoring point (not too far from it) • For point sources: • Urban wastewater discharges • Industrial wastewater discharges • Emissions of List I and II substances • Emissions of priority substances • European Pollutant Emission Register (EPER) • Municipal landfil sites • Waste dumping sites • For diffuse source: • CORINE LAND COVER • Substances detected by means screening techniques

23. Potential pollutants associated to land uses according to CLC

24. Surveillance monitoring: Frequency According to the WFD, surveillance monitoring shall be carried out at each monitoring site during 1 year in the period covered by the river basin management plan (once in 6 years) In our case, surveillance monitoring shall be carried out during all the years in the period covered by the river basin management plan with the frequency shown in the following table: TARGET MATRIX: The main compartment where the compound will accumulate and/or where the bioavailability is higher

25. Surveillance monitoring: Target matrix • Proposed table by Spain in the CMA (Chemical Monitoring Activity) Drafting Group created for the elaboration of the Guidance on WFD in Chemical Monitoring of Surface Water P: Preferred medium; O: Optional medium

26. Operational monitoring: Selection of monitoring points Water bodies at risk Water bodies at risk from significant point source pressures Water bodies at risk from signicant diffuse sorce pressures Water bodies at risk from significant hydromorphological pressures Operational monitoring

27. Operational monitoring: Frequency

28. INVESTIGATIVE MONITORING SHALL BE CARRIED OUT: Where the reason for any exceedances is unknown Where surveillance monitoring indicates that the objetives for a body of water are not likely to be achieved and operational monitoring has not already been established To ascertain the magnitude and impacts of accidental pollution Investigative monitoring Current Alert Network

29. Alert network • OBJECTIVE:Global and instantaneous view of surface water quality • status in Spain in 200 points. • SELECTION OF MONITORING POINTS: • Control and surveillance of spillages • Monitoring of accidental pollution • Protection of the areas of interest to environment • Protection of the drinking water catchment areas INVESTIGATIVE MONITORING

30. Investigative monitoring (Dangerous Substances) OBJECTIVE: To identify the degree of pollution caused by persistent organic pollutants (POP´s) and priority substances of high molecular Weight MONITORING POINTS: 35 points Highly contaminated points Points located downstream the industrial areas MATRIX: Sediment FREQUENCY: 1 campaign RESULTS: The results have been used for identification of water bodies at risk of failing to meet their environmental objetives due to the presence of priority substances of high molecular weight in sediment

31. PROJECTS ON THE WAY OF DEVELOPMENT

32. “Manual of design and exploitation of water quality control networks” “Manual of criteria for the standardization of the surveillance networks and water quality control parameters” Orden Ministerial de Entidades Colaboradoras de la Administración Hidraúlica “Manual for the calculus of Environmental Quality Standards in compliance with the WFD” Projects on the way of development

33. THANK YOU