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Modeling Various Tolling Schemes Using Emme : Seattle Experience

Modeling Various Tolling Schemes Using Emme : Seattle Experience. Andrew Natzel, Parsons Brinckerhoff Bhanu Yerra, Parsons Brinckerhoff Craig Helmann, Puget Sound Regional Council Youssef Dehghani, Parsons Brinckerhoff.

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Modeling Various Tolling Schemes Using Emme : Seattle Experience

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  1. Modeling Various Tolling Schemes Using Emme:Seattle Experience Andrew Natzel, Parsons Brinckerhoff Bhanu Yerra, Parsons Brinckerhoff Craig Helmann, Puget Sound Regional Council Youssef Dehghani, Parsons Brinckerhoff Model City 201122nd International Emme Users' ConferenceSeptember 16, 2011 | Portland, Oregon

  2. Purpose • Toll modeling methods/approaches • Seattle Experience • Four toll feasibility studies • Reflections & thoughts Presentation Outline

  3. Tolling as a tool to finance highways and manage congestion Toll feasibility studies in the Seattle Region Challenges faced in modeling highway tolls Future modeling needs Presentation Purpose

  4. Ad-hoc non-network-based methods • 4-Step modeling process • Primary reliance on route choice effect using generalized costs assignment process • Reliance on toll choice models capable of simulating toll cost effect discretely thru trip distribution, mode choice and assignment steps • Activity-based models (ABM) • Role of mesoscopic & mirco-simulation models Toll Modeling Methods/Approaches

  5. Survey data • Revealed/Stated Preference (VOT) • Counts data • Speed measurements • Network update/refinement • Model estimation & validation Data Requirements

  6. Assess toll study level & focus • Sketch level, Toll feasibility or Investment Grade • Congestion management vs. revenue maximization • Tolling schemes (e.g., dynamic pricing, single-point, segment, etc.) • Tolling general purpose lanes or HOV lanes • Budget & schedule • Determine appropriate method/approach Model/Approach Selection

  7. All toll studies at feasibility/preliminary assessment level Current PSRC 4-step model deemed adequate Performed network refinement & validation analysis relevant to the study/project corridor Seattle Experience

  8. Single point tolling • Segmental tolling • Ramp to ramp toll rates (OD level) • Toll rates within a defined highway segment and between segments • Distance-based tolling and class-specific tolling Tolling Schemes Studied

  9. Example Toll Feasibility Studies • SR 99 Alaskan Way Viaduct Replacement Finance Plan • SR 520 Toll Traffic and Revenue Technical Report – 2008 • Sketch Level Feasibility Study – East Corridor Tolling Study (I-405/SR 167) • I-5 Express Lane System Pre-Design Study

  10. SR 99 Alaskan Way Viaduct FP • A two-mile-long tunnel replacing the existing viaduct • Surface street improvements • Tolls as a funding mechanism • Segmental tolling concept was evaluated

  11. SR 99 Toll Scheme Montlake West Seattle Bridge Alaskan Way Harrison St Valley St Dexter Way 100% Toll 20% Toll Lower Toll Lower Toll Lower tolls are applied only for vehicles not using the tunnel, but using the sections shown above. N Tolling scheme shown was analyzed but is not planned for implementation.

  12. Southbound Alaskan Way Republic St Valley St Aurora Ave Roy St Royal Brougham Way Dexter Ave N Seattle Freeway/ Spokane St Northbound Segmental Tolling Tunnel Tolling SR 99 Toll Coding N

  13. SR 99 Toll Diversion Montlake -34%-26% peak 20% Toll +17%+13% peak +5%+3% peak N

  14. SR 99 Highlights Challenges Approaches/Resolutions • Capturing toll diversion on the local streets • Level of Service issues on the local streets • Diverting trips are captured by tolling ramps • Dense network – difficult to capture true diversion • Need for a mesoscopic and microscopic level of analysis

  15. SR 520 Tolling & Revenue Report • Replacement of the aging floating bridge • Other corridor and interchange improvements • Tolls as a funding mechanism • Segmental tolling concept was evaluated

  16. SR 520 Toll Scheme Montlake Blvd Bellevue Way 100% Toll 108th Ave 92nd Ave 84th Ave Arboretum 20% Toll 10% Toll 20% Toll Tolling scheme shown was analyzed but is not planned for implementation.

  17. A B C D E F G H T T T T A - - - - 1 2 2 2 T T T T B - - - - 1 2 2 2 T T T C - - - - - 2 2 2 T T T D - - - - - 2 2 2 T T E - - - - - - 3 4 T T T T F - - - - 2 2 2 3 T T T T T G - - - 2 2 2 3 6 T T T T T H - - - 2 2 2 4 6 SR 520 Toll Coding T3 T1 T6 Lk Washington Bridge T4 T4 T1 T2 T6 T3 H A B C D E G F Dummy links for tolling T1 – 20% Toll T2 – 100% Toll T3 – 10% Toll T4 – 20% Toll T6 – 20% Toll

  18. SR 520 – Extended Tolling Scheme Montlake Blvd Bellevue Way 30% Toll 100% Toll 108th Ave Arboretum 92nd Ave 84th Ave 30% Toll 40% Toll 20% Toll 40% Toll 10% Toll 20% Toll

  19. SR 520 Highlights Challenges Approach/Resolutions • Imposing ramp-to-ramp, OD level tolls using currently available tools in Emme • OD level tolls modeled using dummy links • Dummy links concept worked because: • Fewer number of interchanges • Relatively simple tolling scheme • Nearly impossible for more involved schemes or longer corridors

  20. Sketch level feasibility:I-405/SR167 • Variety of corridor improvement, including widening • Tolls as a funding mechanism • Tolling GP lanes as an alternative to HOT lanes • Tolling I-405 and SR 167 at a simple segmental rate • Quick study

  21. I-405 Toll Scheme Montlake 20% Toll SR 167 I-5 (South) to Bellevue I-5 (North to Bellevue) N Tolling scheme shown was analyzed but is not planned for implementation.

  22. I-405/SR 167 Highlights Challenges Approaches/Resolutions • Perform the study within 3 weeks to support policy discussion • Segregating the freeway movements to capture all toll movements on links • Keep HOV trips toll-free and using the HOV links • Minimize model changes: • Network • VOT • Model Procedures • Captured all the required tolling movements • The coding scheme does not identify highway ramp movements by direction • Assignment properly handled HOV trip assignment

  23. I-405/SR 167 Toll Coding Arterial through movement not separated from the ramp volumes Highway ramp movement separated – by entry/exit. Not by direction. I-5 GP I-5 HOV Arterial Arterial-HOV movement prohibited through turning restrictions

  24. I-5 Express Lane System: Pre-Design Study • 91-mile corridor • Variety of highway improvements • Tolls as a funding mechanism while creating travel options • Three Toll Facilities • HOV to HOT conversion • New HOT lanes • Tolling of existing Reversible Lanes

  25. I-5 Toll Scheme Montlake 20% Toll 1 2 3 4 5 6 Reversible 8 9 10 11 N Tolling scheme shown was analyzed, but will not necessarily be selected for implemenation.

  26. I-5 Highlights Challenges Approaches/Resolutions • Coding segment tolls with a new network coding convention • Study area length, 91miles, along with the links involved • Existing VOTs do not necessarily consider variability in VOT by trip • Limited time and budget for model updates • The coding convention allows for identification of highway ramp movements by direction directly on the links • Captured all the required tolling movements, including open tolling • Existing PSRC VOT used • Extensive QC of turning movements and tolled links

  27. I-5 Express Toll Lanes Coding Arterial through movement not separated from the ramp volumes or GP-HOV connector I-5 GP I-5 HOV Arterial Arterial-HOV movement prohibited through turning restrictions

  28. I-5 Express Toll Lanes Coding GP-HOV movements separated from interchange. GP-HOV movements segregated by directional movements. I-5 GP I-5 HOT Arterial GP-HOT movement controlled through turning restrictions

  29. Assess Study Level & Focus • Sketch Level • Investment Grade • Does it require micro-simulation? • Available Modeling Procedures • Data Collection • Model Estimation/Validation • Available Resources and Schedule Reflections & Thoughts

  30. Focus on the study area • Network refinements • Validation checks Reflections & Thoughts

  31. Procedural Limitations in the Software • Ramp-to-ramp, OD level tolls • A distribution of VOT Reflections & Thoughts

  32. Questions?

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