Parts of a Eukaryotic Cell

1. Parts of a Eukaryotic Cell Eu – Good / True Karyote- Kernel (nucleus)

2. Cell Membrane The Cell Membrane is made of a phospholipid bilayer Phospholipids – are made of a glycerol, phosphate, and two fatty acids Bilayer- Two Layers

3. Phospholipids (the dancing Baker)

4. A Phospholipid Bilayer

5. Membranes are Selectively Permeable • Some substances cross the membrane while others cannot cross at all.

6. Peripheral Proteins Are located on cell membrane: on the outside of the cell and on the inside of the cell attached to membrane

7. Integral Proteins Are located in the cell membrane

10. Fluid Mosaic Membrane Model • The membrane acts more like a fluid than a solid. • Proteins can change locations in the membrane

12. Organelles

13. Organelles • Cytoplasm – the entire contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus • Cytosol- the jelly like substance that surrounds all the organelles

14. Mitochondria –the powerhouse • Mitochondria have many internal folds called cristae (Kris-tee) • This is the organelle that produces ATP for Energy • This organelle has its own “Mitochondrial DNA”

15. The inside of the mitochondria is called the MATRIX

16. Ribosomes – Protein Assemblers • Ribosomes have no membrane They are: • Made of RNA and Protein • Responsible for making proteins • Found in the cytosol and on the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

17. Endoplasmic Reticulum – the highway • Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - • Covered with ribosomes • Makes and transports proteins • Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum- • Makes Steroids • Regulates calcium levels in muscle cells

18. Rough And Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

19. Golgi Apparatus – Packaging and Secreting • Is a series of flattened sacs with a convex shape • It makes, packages and distributes proteins to the cell

20. Golgi Apparatus

21. Lysosomes – the digester • Have a phospholipid monolayer • Digest proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and DNA and RNA • Contain enzymes that break down old organelles, viruses and bacteria.

22. Cytoskeleton – the scaffolding Provides the structural support for a cell Made of • Microfilaments-small threads of actin protein. Responsible for cell movement • Microtubules- large hollow tubes that help during mitosis

25. Green = Microtubules Blue = Chromosomes Red = Mitochondria

26. Cilia and Flagella Responsible for cellular locomotion (movement) Cilia – hair like projections from the cell Flagella – one to several extensions from the cell

27. Microtubules in a 9:2 Ratio

29. Nucleus • Contains a nuclear skeleton known as the Nuclear Matrix

30. Nucleus • Nuclear envelope- surrounds the nucleus • Cromatin – unraveled chromosomes. • Chromosomes – contain genetic information • Nuclear pores – openings in the nuclear envelope • Nucleolus - makes ribosomes

31. Cell Wall • Only in plant cells • They are rigid structures made of cellulose

32. Vacuoles • Store waste, food, and water. Makes up most of many plant cells.

33. Plastid (found primarily in plant cells) • Chloroplast- captures energy from the sun to make sugar Thylakoid