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The Evolution of Communication: From Transistors to the Digital Age

This insightful talk by Dr. T.H. Chowdary explores the transformative journey of communication technologies, beginning with the invention of the transistor at Bell Labs in 1947. Recognizing the efforts of pioneers like John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley, Dr. Chowdary discusses the significance of integrated circuits and later advancements in telecommunications, including fiber optics, satellites, and mobile telephony. He also addresses the socio-economic implications, such as affordability and accessibility in communication, culminating in a reflection on the future of technology in our lives.

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The Evolution of Communication: From Transistors to the Digital Age

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  1. By Dr T.H.Chowdary * Director, Center for Telecom Management & Studies * Chairman, Pragna Bharati (Intellect India), AP * Fellow, Tata Consultancy Services * Former Information Technology Adviser, GOAP Chairman & Managing Director Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd., Bombay T: +91 (40) 6667-1191(O)2784-3121(R) F: +91 (40) 6667-1111 (O)‏ hanuman.chowdary@tcs.com Talk @ IETE & Arora, Hyd: 24 Oct '09 Marvels of Communications & Information ServiceTransistor Invention - The myriads

  2. S429_Oct'09 Transistor Invention • The face that launched a 1000 ships – Helen of Troy • The invention that launched myriad - services & Products • Invented in 1947 in Bell Labs • Nobel prize to John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and William Shockley in 1956 • I.C invented in 1958 • Bell Labs sold to Sony - Xr Radio • The transistor & IC : VLSI • I billion transistors on a chip • Reliability/ non-failure

  3. Long Distance Transmission • The Audion – Lee De Forest 1907 • Modulation 1914 • Transcontinental call – 1915 Jan • New York – San Francisco 4126 Km • 130,000 Poles • 870 nbs/lopp mile copper conductors • 2500 tons of copper • Loading @ 13 km intervals • Started with 3 repeaters going to 12 by 1920 • 3 mnt call priced @ $20=70 • 1st carrier transmission Baltimore to Pittsburgh • 1920s Radio across Atlantic • 1956 TAT.1 with Vaccum Tube amplifier.

  4. S429_Oct'09 Early Bird 1964 Satellites • The Laser • Fiber Optic Cables • 1980s between New York – Washington • DWDM • 30/40 beams • Satellites =200 • VSATs – DTH • Glassnost- collapse of the evil Empire • 1984-Divestiture of AT&T; B.T privatisation NTT break-up • India-1994 NTP, 1999 NTP • Wireless in the Local Loop Mobile Telephony • World- 67% India-45% Metros & D.C >100%

  5. S427_Oct09 Bring down price to increase affordability (a) Affordability A X TSP PCI Time • A PCI/ Tele-Service Price • PCI: Per Capita Income • TSP: Telephone Service Price • A: Affordability

  6. PCI & Telephony S427_Oct09

  7. S429_Oct'09 Haath Haath mein telephone • Cell phone from Rs. 16,000 to Rs.800 • Call charges Rs. 16 to paise 40 • Cell phone – Voice, Text, Images, Internet will PC be undermined?

  8. S429_Oct'09 ICTs in war • GPS/GIS • Targeted killing gulf War- I & II • Israel-Hamas • USA in FATA of PAK • Men decide: Machines will fight/kill • Lasers destroy Satellites • Electronic Warfare “ War of the Worlds” Orson Wells

  9. S429_Oct'09 Exploring Life in Space • Chandra • 2 Planets – 150 light years from us

  10. S429_Oct'09 Internet • Convergence of telecoms & IT • Telecoms are photonic electronic information infrastructure • World's store-house of information knowledge; leading to “democratisation of knowledge” – enriching, empowering every one “fitted”

  11. S429_Oct'09 Intelligence- Everywhere • Home • Human Body • Robotisation of work • “sensing” body & mind implants

  12. S429_Oct'09 Collateral Damage • Vulgarisation of use ( cell phone becomes “hell phone”) • Cyber crimes • Addiction & disruption of family

  13. S429_Oct'09 What God hath Wrought • “What God hath Wrought !” - First telegram - Morse • “Whatson come here !” - First phone call - Graham Bell • Where does man want to reach ? • What will imprudent man make of universal communications? • Super-man & Life Divine - Aurobindo

  14. S429_Oct'09 Dhanyawad:Thank You

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