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EXPERT SYSTEMS or KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS

EXPERT SYSTEMS or KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS. When we wish to encode a rich source of knowledge within the program. and ------ The scope of systems knowledge is well defined.

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EXPERT SYSTEMS or KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS

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  1. EXPERT SYSTEMS or KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS

  2. When we wish to encode a rich source of knowledge within the program. and ------ • The scope of systems knowledge is well defined. An expert system could be defined as a program designed to model the problem solving ability of a human expert. It is a clone to the expert of real life.

  3. An expert needs -

  4. WHY EXPERT SYSTEMS & NOT EXPERTS

  5. These can be designed as replacement to an expert • When a human being exists with that knowledge • There is a client who needs their expertise • This expertise is not available • A software specialist to program this expertise

  6. These can be for assisting an expert • Information recall • Improve productivity • Manage the complexities

  7. USAGE-AREAS

  8. USAGE-PURPOSES

  9. USAGE-PURPOSES

  10. EXPERT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT MEDIUM 1970s : LISP, PROLOG and OPS 1980s : Expert System Shells (PC Based) A shell is a programming environment that contains all of the necessary utilities for both developing and running an expert system. Other programming languages can also be used. All these can be on : PCs/Workstations/Minis/Mains Largest number of shells is available on PCs today.

  11. BASIC CONCEPTS OF EXPERT SYSTEMS • EXPERTISE : Expertise includes: • Facts about the problem area • Theories about the problem area • Hard-n-fast rules & procedures • Rules of what to do in a problem situation • EXPERTS : To mimic a human expert, it is necessary to build a system that exhibits a capability to: • Recognize and formulate the problem • Solve the problem quickly • Explain the solution • Learn from experience • Restructure knowledge • Break rules • Determine relevance

  12. BASIC CONCEPTS OF EXPERT SYSTEMS • TRANSFERING EXPERTISE : The objective of an ES is to transfer expertise from the expert to the computer and then on to other humans. This includes: • Knowledge acquisition (from experts) • Knowledge representation (in the computer) • In the knowledge base, you may have : • Facts • Procedures

  13. BASIC CONCEPTS OF EXPERT SYSTEMS • REASONING : From knowledge base, the ES is programmed to make INFERENCES. The reasoning is performed in a component called INFERENCE ENGINE which includes procedures regarding problem solving by an approach called SYMBOLIC REASONING. • EXPLANATION CAPABILITY : ES has the ability to explain its advice or recommendations and even to justify why a certain action was not recommended.

  14. HUMAN ELEMENT IN EXPERT SYSTEMS • THE EXPERT Also called DOMAIN EXPERT, a person possesses some special knowledge, judgement, experience and methods. • THE KNOWLEDGE ENGINEER: The person who helps the human experts structure the problem area by : • Interpreting • Integrating human answers to questions • Drawing analogies • Posing counter examples • Highlighting conceptual difficulties

  15. HUMAN ELEMENT IN EXPERT SYSTEMS • THE USER Person may be using an ES as a : • Consultant – one who seeks advice • Instructor - one who wants to learn • Partner - one who wants to improve KB • Colleague - one who is an expert

  16. STRUCTURE OF AN EXPERT SYSTEM CONSULTATION DEVELOPMENT

  17. USER Facts about the specific incident KNOWLEDGE BASE FACTS: What is known about the problem area Rules: Logical Reference (Relation between Symptoms and Causes) User Interface Explanation Recommended Action Inference Engine, Draws Conclusions Knowledge Engineer KA Expert Blackboard (Workplace) Plan: Agenda Solution: Problem Description Reasoning Capability Improvement

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