Understanding Moisture and Atmospheric Stability

1. Property of Lear Siegler

2. ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY& CLOUDS Property of Lear Siegler

3. T L O

4. ELO 1 Action: The student will identify the different states in which moisture is found in the atmosphere. Condition: Given pertinent information about moisture Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 4-2

5. Moisture States • VAPOR / GAS • LIQUID / VISIBLE • SOLID Property of Lear Siegler

6. ELO 2 Action: The student will identify the changes moisture makes from one water state to another. Condition: Given pertinent information about states of moisture Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 4-2

7. Changes in Moisture Evaporation Condensation Fusion (freezing) Sublimation Melting

9. LATENT HEAT • Heat energy taken in through evaporation and melting • Heat energy released through condensation and fusion Property of Lear Siegler

10. ELO 3 Action: The student will identify the amount of water vapor contained in a portion of the atmosphere. Condition: Given pertinent information about the water vapor and the atmosphere Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 4-3, and 4-4

11. WATER VAPOR CONTENT • SATURATION • DEW POINT Property of Lear Siegler

13. WATER VAPOR CONTENT • RELATIVE HUMIDITY • SATURATION • DEW POINT Property of Lear Siegler

14. RELATIVE HUMIDITY 30o C 86o F 20o C 68° F 17o C 61° F 10o C 50° F 6o C 43° F 0o C 32° F grams of water vapor per cubic meter Property of Lear Siegler

15. Moist air = less air density = less engine performance

16. ELO 4 Action: The student will identify the adiabatic process. Condition: Given pertinent information about the water vapor and the atmosphere Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 3-6

17. 15° 15° 40° ADIABATIC PROCESS When the temperature of a gas is changed without the addition or deletion of heat energy 15° Property of Lear Siegler

18. OAT 20° C DEW POINT 14° C RELATIVE HUMIDITY = 70.4% Property of Lear Siegler

19. OAT 14° C DEW POINT 14° C RELATIVE HUMIDITY = 100% Property of Lear Siegler

20. OAT 10° C DEW POINT 10° C RELATIVE HUMIDITY = 100% Property of Lear Siegler

21. OAT 20° C DEW POINT 10° C RELATIVE HUMIDITY = 54% Property of Lear Siegler

22. Property of Lear Siegler

23. ELO 5 Action: The student will identify the moist and dry adiabatic cooling rates. Condition: Given pertinent information about the adiabatic process Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 3-6

24. Dry cooling rate – 3o per 1,000 ft • Moist cooling rate – 1.5o per 1,000 ft

25. ELO 6 Identify the points where condensation and free convection take place

26. 4° 6° 8° 10° 12° 14° 16° 18° 10° 12° OLR=2° 14° DP=14° 16° 18° OLR=2° DEWPOINT=14° Property of Lear Siegler

27. 4° 6° 8° 10° 12° 14° 16° 18° DRY ADIABATIC LAPSE RATE 3°/1000’ 14° 17° OLR=2° DEWPOINT=14° Property of Lear Siegler

28. MOIST LAPSE RATE 1.5°/1000’ LEVEL OF CONDENSATION 4° 6° 8° 10° 12° 12.5° 14° 14° 16° Temperature of the rising air and dew point are the same. 17° 18° OLR=2° DEWPOINT=14° Property of Lear Siegler

29. LEVEL OF FREE CONVECTION 5° 4° 6.5° 6° 8° 8° Temperature of the rising air is the same as the ambient air 9.5° 10° 11° 12° 12.5° 14° 14° 16° 17° 18° OLR=2° DEWPOINT=14° Property of Lear Siegler

30. ELO 7 Action: The student will identify the factors that determine atmospheric stability. Condition: Given pertinent information about stability Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 7-4

31. STABLE –Resists vertical developmentOLR 1.5 or less UNSTABLE – Air that moves vertically and will continue without any outside force OLR 3.0 or greater CONDITIONALLY UNSTABLE– Air parcel is neutral. Vertical movement depends on the conditions OLR between 1.5 and 3.0

32. Air with high moisture content tends to be more unstable than dry air, if lifting action occurs.

33. 8° 9.5° 11° 10° 12.5° 12° 14° OLR=2° 14° 15.5° DP=14° 16° 17° 18° 18.5° OLR=1.5° DEWPOINT=14° Property of Lear Siegler

34. 8° 9.5° 11° 12.5° 14° 15.5° DRY ADIABATIC LAPSE RATE 3°/1000’ 14° 17° 18.5° 17° OLR=1.5° DEWPOINT=14° Property of Lear Siegler

35. 9.5° 11° 12.5° 14° 15.5° LEVEL OF CONDENSATION 17° 18.5° 8° 5° 6.5° 8° 9.5° 11° MOIST LAPSE RATE 1.5°/1000’ 12.5° 14° 17° OLR=1.5° DEWPOINT=14° Property of Lear Siegler

36. 8° 5° 6.5° 9.5° 8° 11° 9.5° 12.5° 11° 14° 12.5° 15.5° OLR 1.5 or less: STABLE conditions 14° 17° 17° 18.5° OLR=1.5° DEWPOINT=14° Property of Lear Siegler

37. -4° -1° 2° 5° 8° 11° 14° 17° 10° 12° OLR=2° 14° DP=14° 16° 18° OLR=3° DEWPOINT=14° Property of Lear Siegler

38. -4° -1° 2° 5° 8° 11° 14° 17° DRY ADIABATIC LAPSE RATE 3°/1000’ 14° 17° OLR=3° DEWPOINT=14° Property of Lear Siegler

39. LEVEL OF FREE CONVECTION LEVEL OF CONDENSATION 5° -4° -1° 6.5° 2° 8° 5° 9.5° MOIST LAPSE RATE 1.5°/1000’ 11° 8° 12.5° 11° 14° 14° 17° 17° OLR=3° DEWPOINT=14° Property of Lear Siegler

40. 5° -4° -1° 6.5° 2° 8° 5° 9.5° 11° 8° 12.5° 11° OLR 3o or greater: UNSTABLE conditions LFC LCL 14° 14° 17° 17° OLR=3° DEWPOINT=14° Property of Lear Siegler

41. 5° 4° 6.5° 6° 8° 8° 9.5° 10° 11° 12° OLR between 1.5o and 3o: CONDITIONALLY UNSTABLE 12.5° 14° LCL 14° 16° 17° 18° OLR=2° DEWPOINT=14° Property of Lear Siegler

42. ? Questions

43. BREAK! BREAK! BREAK! BREAK! BREAK! BREAK! BREAK! BREAK! BREAK! BREAK! BREAK! BREAK! BREAK! BREAK! BREAK! BREAK! BREAK! BREAK! BREAK!

44. ELO 8 Action: The student will identify how clouds are formed. Condition: Given pertinent information about clouds Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 8-1

45. Clouds Extremely small condensed water vapor droplets suspended in the atmosphere (less than .002”) • Direct result of saturation and saturation is the result of cooling. Property of Lear Siegler

46. Cooling Process • ADIABATIC • NOCTURNAL • ADVECTION Property of Lear Siegler

47. ELO 9 Action: The student will identify the basic types of clouds. Condition: Given pertinent information about clouds Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 8-2

48. Cloud Catagories • Cumulus • Stratus

49. Cumulus Indicating Unstable Conditions Property of Lear Siegler

50. 2. Stratus Indicating Stable Conditions Property of Lear Siegler