Linux Installation Guide: Partitioning, Kernel Compilation & Booting

1. Linux Installation

2. Linux Distribution • Including shells, libraries, tools, compiler, servers, applications. • Redhat, Fedora, Mandrake, SuSE, Debian, Ubuntu, Gentoo… • Live CDs • You can make your own Linux distribution. • This slide is based on Ubuntu

3. Before Installation • Modify the boot sequence to boot your computer form CD-ROM • Make sure your hardware and device • A clear head and relaxed mind • Some drinks and food

4. Start

6. Disks and Partitions • /dev/hda, /dev/hdb, /dev/hdc, … • /dev/hda1, /dev/hda2, … • /dev/sda, /dev/scd0, … • Mount Points • / • /swap • …

7. Partition Division • Four methods • Resize thepartition and use freed space • Erase entire disk • Use the largest continuous free space • Manually edit partition table • Choose a proper one or edit it manually.

8. Partition Division (cont.)

9. Partition Division (cont.) • Swap partition is usually twice as RAM when it is less than 1GB • No more than four primary partition including root partition and swap partition • If four isn’t enough, use extend partition • Make sure all your mount points are correct

10. End of Installation • After dividing partitions, you only need to click your mouse. • After installation, reboot and enjoy your Linux! • Installation by text mode is the same as graphic mode

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12. Compiling Linux kernel

13. What is Linux Kernel? • Kernel is the core of an operating system. • Scheduler, task management, memory management, … • You need to compile kernel source code to binary in order to run.

14. When Should We Compile Kernel? • You don’t need to compile kernel after Linux installation to run. • You can configure your Linux by compiling a new kernel. • Add new feature, ex. patch kernel. • Support new hardware. • Disable functions you don’t need. • Develop your own kernel. • Etc.

15. Where to D/L Linux Kernel? • http://www.kernel.org/

17. What Does Kernel Version Mean? • Naming using [主版本].[次版本].[修訂版本]-[附版本]. • Odd minor number is testing version. • Even minor number is stable version.

18. Prepare Your Kernel Source Code • You need to be root to compile kernel. • #su • D/L kernel source code. • http://www.kernel.org • Unzip kernel source code. • cd /usr/src • tar -zxvf linux-2.x.x.tar.gz • Make the link “/usr/src/linux-2.x.x” to the kernel source directory. • #ln –s linux-2.x.x linux • You may have many versions of Linux source codes

19. make config • #apt-get install automake libc6-dev gcc make • #apt-get install libncurses5-dev • #make config • #make menuconfig • #make xconfig

20. make config

21. make config(cont.) • If you meet some problems . (SATA) • Device Drivers ---> SCSI device support ---> <*> SCSI device support <*> SCSI disk support • Device Drivers ---> SCSI device support ---> SCSI low-level drivers ---> [*] Serial ATA (SATA) support

22. Kernel Compilation • #make clean • #make bzImage • #make modules • #make modules_install • #mkinitramfs –o /boot/filename 2.x.x • (/lib/modules/)

23. Booting using New Kernel • cp /usr/src/linux/arch/x86/kernel/i386_ksym_32.c /boot/vmlinuz-2.x.x • Setup your boot manager. • Lilo or Grub

24. Grub • # vim /boot/grub/menu.lst • Add the following section: title linux-2.x.x kernel (hd0,0)/boot/vmlinuz-2.x.x root=/dev/hda1 devfs=mount • Reboot.

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26. Q&A Thanks for your attention.