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Europe : 40 000 killed each year Same magnitude in North america

Active Safety Functions Relations with Connected Car Bernard NICLOT Technical Director of the FIA March 2014. 1.3 million people are killed each year worldwide in road accidents 50 million are injured. United Nations and the World Health Organization have launched in 2011 a

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Europe : 40 000 killed each year Same magnitude in North america

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  1. Active SafetyFunctionsRelations withConnected Car Bernard NICLOTTechnical Director of the FIA March 2014 Connected Car - Safety

  2. 1.3 million people are killedeachyearworldwide in road accidents • 50 million are injured • United Nations and the World Health Organization have launched in 2011 a • Decade of Action for Road Safety • In support of the Decade of Action, the FIA has launched the “FIA Action For Road Safety” • designed to harness FIA assets at the service of this important cause. • Europe : 40 000 killedeachyear • Same magnitude in Northamerica • Solutions for emerging countries or developed countries canbequitedifferent • The goal of thispresentationis to illustrate how connectedcar • cancontribute to road safety in developed countries. Target = zerofatality Connected Car - Safety

  3. Evolution of fatalities in Europe Asymptotic behaviour Number of people killed in Europe per billion km • Bigimprovement in 35 years • An asymptot has been reached • Whichtechnologybreakthrough • in order to arrive at zerofatality ?  Connected car canrealisethisbreakthrough Connected Car - Safety

  4. AGENDA • A few facts about accident data analysis • Illustration on a few examples of why and how the connected car candrammaticallyenhance active safety • Conclusion • WARNINGS • The ideas I express here are based on personal engineering experience on active safety. • I have oftenuseddifferent sources and simplified a lot in order to be able to present basic ideas in a very short time. • Keep the ideas for furtherthinking • Don’tkeep the numbers or figures as an up to date reference. • This is not about autonomous car • Thoughthesesubjects have strong connections, autonomous car is a veryambitious program, an order of magnitude more complexthan the ideas I presenthere Connected Car - Safety

  5. 7,0% 13,0% 44,9% 2,4% 32,7% Type of shocks % of deaths Connected Car - Safety

  6. Fatality as a function of speed and type of shock Side crash Frontal crash Death Connected Car - Safety

  7. To decreaseFatalitiesand Injuries Reduce Speed AutomaticBrakingSafetyFunctions Side crash Frontal crash Death Connected Car - Safety

  8. To decreaseFatalitiesand Injuries Change type of shock  Stability Control Systems Side crash Frontal crash Death Connected Car - Safety

  9. To decreaseFatalities and Injuries Avoidshock  INFORMATION FUNCTIONS Connected Car - Safety

  10. To decreaseFatalitiesand Injuries Reduce Speed AutomaticBrakingSafetyFunctions Side crash Frontal crash Death Connected Car - Safety

  11. AutomaticBraking – Scenario of Functions Shock Speed Reduced ! MidLevel Deceleration Lowlevel Time before collision Short brake impulse Unavoidable collision Higherautomaticbraking action when collision isunavoidable Riskidentified Alert Automatic Limited Braking Action Connected Car - Safety Reduce Speed Active BrakingSafetyFunctions

  12. AutomaticBraking – Improved Scenario of Functions ! MidLevel Deceleration Lowlevel Time before collision Short brake impulse Unavoidable collision Riskidentified Alert Automatic Limited Braking Action Connected Car - Safety Reduce Speed Active BrakingSafetyFunctions

  13. AutomaticBraking – Improved Scenario of Functions No Shock High Level ! MidLevel Deceleration Intermediatelevel Time before collision Short brake impulse Collision avoidable Unavoidable collision Anticipatedautomatic high levelbraking action when collision isstillavoidable Riskidentified Alert Automatic Limited Braking Action Connected Car - Safety Reduce Speed Active BrakingSafetyFunctions

  14. AutomaticBraking – Improved Scenario of Functions If youcanimproveefficiency Whydon’tyou do it ? No Shock High Level ! Deceleration Intermediatelevel Basicallybecausewith the sensorsyou have on board You are not confident enough to apply full action Time before collision Short brake impulse Collision avoidable Unavoidable collision Anticipatedautomatic high levelbraking action when collision isstillavoidable Riskidentified Alert Automatic Limited Braking Action Connected Car - Safety Reduce Speed Active BrakingSafetyFunctions

  15. Limitations of on boardsensors What Does a Radar “See” ? Limited Understanding of the environment Limited Action Connected Car - Safety Reduce Speed Active BrakingSafetyFunctions

  16. How can a camera extract data of interest ? Limitations of on boardsensors Limited Understanding of a complexenvironment Limited Action Connected Car - Safety Reduce Speed Active BrakingSafetyFunctions

  17. Limitations of on boardsensors Limited range and high cost of sensors Connected Car - Safety Reduce Speed Active BrakingSafetyFunctions

  18. Limitations of on boardsensors …… Moreover First car invisible to the following one Connected Car - Safety Reduce Speed Active BrakingSafetyFunctions

  19. Limitations of on boardsensors Limited Understanding of a complexenvironment Limited Action How to escape thisequation ? First car invisible to the following one Connected Car - Safety Reduce Speed Active BrakingSafetyFunctions

  20. AnalogywithMilitaryAircrafts On board radar Limited range AWACS Large Range Radar Shares information with the other planes Connected Car - Safety

  21. Application to ITS On boardsensors Limited range GPS + Infrastructure + onboardsensors Share information with the other Cars Connected Car - Safety

  22. This iswhat ITS can do Information shared in network Redundancy Robust information Enhanced Action Wide and good understanding of a complexenvironment Connected Car - Safety

  23. To decreaseFatalities and Injuries Avoidshock  INFORMATION HugePotential for avoidance of lateral crash or shockswithotherusers Connected Car - Safety

  24. Efficiency of Safety Functions Using Connected Car • AutomaticBrakingFunctions • Usingonly on boardsensors : a few % of efficiency for fatalityreduction ( < 5%) • ~1/3 of fatalities arise due to frontal collisions • This shows the hugepotential of high levelautomaticbrakingfunctionsusingconnected car • Lateralshock • ~ 1/3 of fatalities • This shows the hugepotentialof connected car able to alert or avoidside collision • Loss of control situations • Current ESP systems have ~ 16% of efficiency to reducefatalities. • Enhanced ESP systemsusingconnected car and GPS couldprobably have the potential to raisesignificantlythisoverallefficiency. • All thesenumbers are rough estimates, and theyobviouslydon’taddeachother. Howevertheyillustrate the potential of connected car to reducefatalities. Connected Car - Safety

  25. CONCLUSION • Connected Car, car 2 car and car to infrastucture communication can help developvery efficient safetyfunctionsthatcouldachieve the zerodeathtarget. • This « connectivity » couldbeextended to every  road users, including pedestrians, motocyclists…. • Cost ? • It seemsthat the development of 4G and higher standards of communications couldsoonmakeit a no problem. • Moreoverthinking to the very high global costof road unsafety (Europe : 160 billion €  2% GNP) , there are ways to handlecost issues. • Connected car requires communication betweendifferent car brands  Necessity of standards of communication and International agreements. •  + Connected Car - Safety

  26. NHTSA "V2V Crash Avoidance has game-changingpotential to significantlyreduce the number of crashes, injuries and deaths on ournation’sroads " Connected Car - Safety

  27. THANK YOU ! Connected Car - Safety

  28. Appendix Connected Car - Safety

  29. About Connectivity Connected Car - Safety

  30. Responsibility of driver / car ? • This question shouldbetreated as a public health question • Even if one system fails one time, on the global, the benefitishuge • Like for medicine, weshoulddefinesomequality and safety concept requirements for automaticsafetysystems to beapproved, based on highlylowprobabilityfailure occurrence. • We have to considerthat a car has possibilities to reactdynamicallymuchquicker and in a waythatis not accessible even for the best driver (e.g. possibilities of actions wheel per wheel, combinedwith anti-lock system..etc..) • Finallywhenwesaytodaythat the driver « drives » the car, weshouldn’tforgetthatitdoessothrough a chain of mechanic/electronicequipments and links thatcaneach have theirownfailures. So heis not in 100% control of his car, but 100%-probability of failure. At the end itis not so sure that the probability of failure in normal drive situations islowerthan the probability of failureachievablewithautomatic active safetysystems. At the end the situations are equivalent. Connected Car - Safety

  31. Business Model The More you have users The More value you have for newcomers • Safety applications withconnected cars • requireenough cars to beequiped • Need to findsomeadded value • to go into a « Creditcard/mobile phone » business model Connected Car - Safety

  32. Autonomous cars : manyannouncements

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