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Usool Al Fiqh- Lesson 18 Accountability of unspecified (Ambiguous) knowledge

Usool Al Fiqh- Lesson 18 Accountability of unspecified (Ambiguous) knowledge. What is unspecified knowledge (ELM EJMALI)? Accountability of such knowledge Dissolving or Disassociation of such knowledge Point of hesitation. What is unspecified knowledge (ELM EJMALI)?.

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Usool Al Fiqh- Lesson 18 Accountability of unspecified (Ambiguous) knowledge

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  1. Usool Al Fiqh- Lesson 18Accountability of unspecified (Ambiguous) knowledge What is unspecified knowledge (ELM EJMALI)? Accountability of such knowledge Dissolving or Disassociation of such knowledge Point of hesitation

  2. What is unspecified knowledge (ELM EJMALI)? • If you know that your brother is in Mecca, then you have specified or clear knowledge (detailed – ELM TAFSEELI). • If you doubt that he left for Mecca or not, then that is a basic or primary or simple or initial doubt (SHAK EBTIDAEE or BADWI or SAJIG) • If you know for sure that he has traveled, and for sure he is either in Mecca or in Madina, but you do not know exactly or specifically in which one of the both cities. So you have knowledge but it is associated with doubt (unspecified knowledge- ELM EJMALI), where you can you (OR) in your ststement.

  3. Knowledge + Doubt in the parts • Examples in the Islamic laws: • Specific knowledge: Knowledge of the morning salaat being obligatory. • Basic doubt in the obligation of Salaat Al-EID • Unspecified obligation, we have in our knowledge that one of the Salaat is obligatory on Friday, but which one Zohr (noon) or Friday (Juma’a) we do not have that specific knowledge, so this type of knowledge is ELM EJMALI. This was an example in a doubt in the ruling (HOKM-SHOBHA HOKMIYA) • An example for a doubt in the subject (MOWDHOO’- SHOBHA MOWDHOOEYA) could be a spot of urine falling into one of the two glasses of pure water, but we do not know exactly in which one.

  4. Accountability of such knowledge • We studied that in the case of basic doubt the rule is BARAA or exemption from any accountability, based on the secondary practical principle of doubt. • We also studied that the knowledge is proof or HUJAT, and is associated with the accountability. • But in this case should we implement BARAA (exemption) because there is doubt, or should we implement the second one, because we have knowledge which is proof. • The secondary principle of doubt is implemented in the case of basic doubt, free from any kind of knowledge, and we have a different situation, so we will refer to the primary principle of the doubt PRECAUTION –accountability.

  5. Why accountability? • Why accountability and there is doubt? • If we implement BARAA on both doubtful parts, then for sure we have disobeyed 100%. Definite non-conformity. • If we implement BARAA on one of the parts, then there is a 50% chance on disobedient. Probable conformity or non-conformity. • If we implement both parts then for sure 100% we have obeyed. Definite conformity. • The reason and the intellect totally supports the third option, and obviously does not support the first option, and for the third option, we can say if one part is chosen then the other parts becomes basic doubt and BARAA can be implemented, but which one to choose, without any preference to choose, the reason considers it unacceptable and ugly (TARJEEH BILA MORAJIH) so the answer is PRECAUTION.

  6. Dissolving or Disassociation of unspecified knowledge • If one of the doubtful portion or parts of the unspecified knowledge becomes clear, then the ambiguity is removed, and we have clear knowledge of one part, which is proof, and other part remains doubtful, but this time the doubt is the simple and basic one, so we can easily implement the BARAA or the exemption and freedom of responsibility.

  7. Example of disassociation • We did not know that the drop of urine fell into which cup A or B, but we knew for sure that there was a drop of urine in one of them. • After while some one trusted came and clarified that it fell in (A), by that (A) is impure, and (B) remains with very basic doubt.

  8. Point of hesitation (disagreement of USOOLIST) • If the doubt is in numbers hesitated between less and greater, such as doubt in the parts of Salaat, are they 9 or 10. • There are two opinions: • Some consider this from the unspecified knowledge, and the obligation is to have salaat with 10 parts. • Others said it is a disassociated and dissolved unspecified knowledge, for sure we know 9 parts are obligated, and we have basic doubt of including the 10th. So we have clear knowledge of 9 parts, and basic doubt in the 10th part. (supported by the author)

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