Developments in staff scheduling

1. CFP Workshop Planning 13 June 2005 Ben Jansen ATOS Beleidsadvies en -onderzoek bv Amsterdam Developments in staff scheduling

2. Agenda Introduction Delineation Schedule design Statements

3. ATOS ‘full service’

4. Towards integrated planning/scheduling

5. Schedule design process

6. Scheduling techniques Substitution technique Balance technique Copying (technique)

7. Schedule types Collective cyclical schedules Individual unique schedules Individual repetitive schedules Combined types

8. Traditional fully continuous

9. Individual unique schedule

10. Individual repetitive schedule

11. Schedule design process

12. Statement

13. Compressed working week (A) (‘4 x 9 hours’)

14. Compressed working week (B) (‘Pink Friday’)

15. Statement

16. Durable efficiency

17. Statement

18. Relationship participation and vitality

19. WTM Profile

20.  Fitting workload patterns and personnel deployment Adequate quantitative and qualitative staffing Minimalizing overtime and underutilization Applying ergonomical working time schedule principles Organizing ‘change’ potential Creating optimal working time motivation

21. Statement

23. Statement

24. Rota-Risk-Profile-Analysis The RRPA is an interactive internet application to assess the physical and social risks of schedules (including transmeridian time-zone crossings) An ergonomic tool

25. Aims RRPA-development Coherent assessment of risks Clear interpretation of inconveniences Quantitative comparison of rota aspects

26. Physical Criteria Regularity (RE): of a schedule refers to the frequency and the nature of the changes in working hours and free hours, corrected for current circadian rhythmicity Periodicity (PE): this criterion indicates the extent to which the circadian rhythmicity resulting from the duty pattern and the time zone changes is disturbed Load per shift (LS): the calculation of load per shift gives an indication of the influence of the duration of the shift on the load on the individual Load per week (LW): this value is the measure of the cumulative effects of the various loads per shift The opportunity for rest at night (ON): this is the opportunity to rest when simultaneously the current resynchronised circadian rhythmicity sine and the local circadian rhythmicity sine are below the X-axis and are between 23:00 and 07:00 LT at destination

27. Social Criteria Predictability (PR): the predictability stands for the simplicity with which predictions can be made mentally on how future free time will be localized The opportunity for household and familiy activities (OH): this aspect refers to the opportunity to devote time to carry out household and family activities during the daytime on weekdays at homebase The opportunity for evening recreation (OE): this criterion concerns opportunities to spend the weekdays evenings ‘as one likes’ at home The opportunity for weekend recreation (OW): this criterion indicates to which extent weekend day activities/participation is possible at home The opportunity for layover recreation (OL): this criterion indicates the amount of layover recreation time flight crews have for leisure activities during layovers

28. RRPA-scan schedule I

29. RRPA-scan schedule II

30. 10 ergonomic criteria for scheduling 1. Forward rotation 2. Six successive shifts at most 3. Two successive shifts at least 4. Four successive similar shifts at most 5. Mean weekly working hours between 34  and 38 hours 6. At least a break of half an hour in the  middle of the shift

31. 10 ergonomic criteria for scheduling 7. A shift of 9 hours at most 8. Starting and stopping hours of the shift between 7 a.m. - 3.00 p.m. - 11 p.m. 9. A predictable working time schedule 10. At least 40% of the evenings and weekend  days off (well spread)

32. Traditional fully continuous

33. Modern fully continuous

34. Statement

35. Flexibility dilemma ‘Employee’s flexibility needs are fundamentally different from employer’s flexibility needs’ Different terms: Employees > individual-orientated Employers > capacity-orientated

36. ‘Shared’ flexible working hours Examples: Module/subscription system Autonomous (time)groups Combination system (‘bouquet’)

37. The ‘Working Hours Bouquet’

38. Pre-conditions flexible working hours Dosing in moderation Limited complexity (controllability) Ergonomic design (rules of the game) ‘Planning tools’ support Coaching those involved Room for habituation Sovereignty + responsibility

39. Statement

40. Flexibility via individual task scheduling

41. Development scheduling systematics

42. Shift versus task scheduling Shift scheduling Work amount at accumulated level Workplace and task planning afterwards => availability culture Inflexible Unproductive Predictable

43. Shift versus task scheduling Task scheduling Work amount at task level Workplace and task planning in advance => planning culture Flexible Productive Unpredictable

44. Development participation process

45. Participation mechanism Via statutory regulations Via systematics and culture

46. Participation regulation

47. Design of participation and flexibility in strategy Say in schedule design (individual, collective) Systems with penalty or bonus points (individual) Bidding systems Self-scheduling systems (team scheduling, autonomous time groups)

48. Statement

49. Development software support need

50. Suited scheduling software Shift scheduling >> SP-Expert Task scheduling / bidding system >> Li3 Team scheduling >> Time Care

51. Statement

52. Planning conditions

53. Planning conditions

54. Planning conditions

55. Focus planning conditions Participation (= tailor-made, room for individual wishes) Flexibility (= practicability with dynamic staffing demands and different labour durations) Software support (= ease of planning)

56. Statement