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Kinematics of Trauma

Kinematics of Trauma. Wellford Rescue 21 IST Program. Incidence of Trauma. Leading cause of death 1-37 years 4 th leading cause of death in all Americans The cost of trauma exceeds 177 billion dollars in lost productivity. Categories of trauma deaths. Immediate. Occurs within seconds:

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Kinematics of Trauma

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  1. Kinematics of Trauma Wellford Rescue 21 IST Program

  2. Incidence of Trauma • Leading cause of death 1-37 years • 4th leading cause of death in all Americans • The cost of trauma exceeds 177 billion dollars in lost productivity

  3. Categories of trauma deaths • Immediate. Occurs within seconds: • Lacerations of the brain, brain stem, upper spinal cord, heart, aorta

  4. Trauma Deaths • Early • Death occurs 2-3 hours after injury • Subdural, epidural injury • Hemopneumothorax, ruptured spleen,lacerated liver,pelvic fracture, multiple injuries resulting in blood loss • Treatable, definitive care is critical

  5. Trauma deaths • Late • Death occurs days or weeks after injury • Sepsis, infection, multiple organ failure • Prehospital care may help prevent these deaths

  6. Forces of Trauma • Injuries are caused by the transfer of energy from an external source to the body. • Extent of injury determined by: • Type of energy • Force of energy • Body part affected

  7. Kinematics • Certain types/patterns of injury are associated with certain mechanisms of trauma • Consider: age, protective barriers,MOI,forces of energy,anatomy, energy(mass,velocity,distance,mechanical,thermal, electrical,chemical)

  8. Blunt Trauma • An injury produced by the wounding forces of compression and change of speed, which may disrupt tissue. • Amount of injury depends on: the length of time of compression, force & area compressed

  9. Motor vehicle Collision • Acceleration • Deceleration • Change of speed results in: • Concussion, bony fracture, organ laceration, aortic tear

  10. Motor Vehicle collision • Frontal Impact • Down & Under • Up & Over • Injuries sustained

  11. Motor Vehicle Crashes • Lateral Impact • Injury pattern depends on whether vehicle moves away or remains in place on impact • Type of injuries

  12. Motor Vehicle Crashes • Rear end impact • Rotational impact • Roll over • Types of injuries sustained

  13. Motor Vehicle Crashes • Organ collision injuries • Results from deceleration & compression forces • Deceleration injuries

  14. Motor Vehicle crashes • Compression injuries • Head • Thoracic • Abdominal

  15. Motor Vehicle Crashes • Restraints • Lap belts • Diagonal shoulder straps • Air bags • Child safety seats

  16. Other Vehicular Crashes • Motorcycles • ATV • Pedestrian, adult & child

  17. Blunt Trauma • Sports injuries • Blast injuries • Injuries sustained

  18. Blunt Trauma • Vertical falls

  19. Penetrating trauma • Ballistics • Damage & energy levels of projectiles • Wounding forces of medium-high energy projectiles • Projectile mass • Deformation

  20. Penetrating trauma • Entrance & Exit wounds

  21. Penetrating Trauma • Shotgun Wounds

  22. Penetrating Trauma • Fragmentation • Type of tissue struck • Striking velocity • Range • Special considerations

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