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1. Section 1 Southeast Asia • Influenced by China and India, Southeast Asia developed many vibrant, complex cultures. • European colonialism left a legacy that continues to affect the region’s politics and economics. NEXT

2. SECTION Landforms and Resources 1 Southeast Asia: Mainland and Islands Peninsulas and Islands • Mainland Southeast Asia lies on two peninsulas - rectangular Indochinese Peninsula is south of China - Malay Peninsula is 700-mile strip south from mainland • Malay Peninsula bridges mainland and island archipelagoes - archipelago—set of closely grouped islands, often in a curved arc - Malay Archipelago includes the Philippines, Indonesian islands Continued . . . NEXT

3. SECTION 1 continuedSoutheast Asia: Mainland and Islands Mountains and Volcanoes • Mainland mountain ranges, like Annamese Cordillera, run north-south - fan out from northern mountainous area • Island mountains are volcanic in origin, part of Pacific Ring of Fire - volcanic eruptions, earthquakes are common in region Map Continued . . . NEXT

4. SECTION 1 continuedSoutheast Asia: Mainland and Islands Rivers and Coastlines • Several large mainland rivers run south through mountain valleys - spread out into fertile deltas near coast •Mekong River starts in China, ends in wide delta on Vietnam coast - farming, fishing along river support millions of people Image Resources • Volcanic activity, flooding rivers create nutrient-rich, fertile soil •Rivers, seas provide fish; some areas have petroleum, tin, gems NEXT

5. Human Geography of Southeast Asia, Oceania, and Antarctica: Migration and Conquest China and India influenced Southeast Asia, while Pacific islanders remainedisolated. Eventually, European colonization greatly altered the entire region. Thatbyinnyu Temple in Bagan, Myanmar. NEXT

6. SECTION Climate and Vegetation 2 Widespread Tropics Year-Round Rains • Tropical wet climate in coastal Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Oceania - also in most of Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines • High temperatures—annual average of 80 degrees in Southeast Asia • Parts of Southeast Asia get 100, even 200 inches of rain annually • Some variations—high elevations in Indonesia have glaciers Image Continued . . . NEXT

7. SECTION 21 continuedWidespread Tropics Wet and Dry Seasons • Tropical wet and dry climate borders the wet climate - weather is shaped by monsoons - found in parts of Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam • Temperatures are consistently hot, but rainfall varies • Monsoon areas often have disastrous weather - typhoons can occur in region during the wet season Continued . . . NEXT

8. SECTION 21 continuedWidespread Tropics Tropical Plants • Southeast Asia has great vegetation diversity - tropical evergreen forests near equator - deciduous forests in wet and dry zone - teak is harvested commercially • Oceania doesn’t have diverse vegetation - low islands have poor soil, little rain (few plants) - high islands have rich volcanic soil, rain (flowers, coconut palms) NEXT

9. SECTION Southeast Asia 1 A Long History of Diversity Nations in the Region • Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar - also the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam Early History • China rules northern Vietnam from 111 B.C. to A.D. 393 • India’s Hinduism, Buddhism influence regional religion, art • Early Southeast Asian states don’t have set borders - mandalas—rings of state power around central court - Khmer Empire—Cambodian mandala that lasts from 800s to 1400s Chart Continued . . . NEXT

10. SECTION 1 continuedA Long History of Diversity Powerful States • From 1300 to 1800 five powerful states exist in Southeast Asia - in today’s Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, Java, Malay Peninsula - similar to mandalas, but larger and more complex • Burmese, Vietnamese, Thai, Javanese national identities develop • Urbanization takes place, large cities grow - Malay Peninsula’s Malacca has 100,000 people in early 1500s NEXT

11. SECTION 1 Colonialism and Its Aftermath European Control • States trade with Arabian, Indian merchants; Islam grows in islands • In 1509, Europeans mostly seek money, not colonies • Europe controls area’s trade, money goes to Europe • By 1900, all of region, except Siam (Thailand), is colonized • Colonies forced to farm commodities: rubber, sugar, rice, tea, coffee • Nationalism unites allies against rulers Interactive Continued . . . NEXT

12. SECTION 1 continuedColonialism and Its Aftermath Independence • Japan seeks “Asia for Asians,” occupies, exploits region during WWII • After war, states seek independence • Indochina—French colonial Cambodia, Laos, North, South Vietnam - Vietnamese defeat French in 1954, win independence for all Indochina • U.S. becomes involved in Vietnam War (1957-1975) - tries to stop Communist control of South Vietnam - U.S. leaves in 1973, South Vietnam surrenders in 1975 - Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos become Communist NEXT

13. SECTION 1 An Uneven Economy Traditional Economies •Agriculture is region’s main income source; rice is chief food crop - Myanmar is heavily forested; produces teak wood • Lack of industry - Vietnam War destroyed factories, roads - war refugees left region, reduced work force - political turmoil in Cambodia, Myanmar blocks growth • Vietnam builds industry, seeks foreign investment and trade Continued . . . NEXT

14. SECTION 1 continuedAn Uneven Economy Industry and Finance • Some countries have more highly developed economies - Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand - form economic alliance ASEAN—Association of Southeast Asian Nations - other four Southeast Asian countries join ASEAN after 1994 • Nations don’t industrialize until 1960s - industries: agriculture, textile, clothing, electronic products - Singapore is a finance center Image NEXT

15. SECTION 1 A Rich Mosaic of Culture Religious Diversity •Includes Buddhism; Catholicism (Philippines); Islam (Indonesia) - other religions are Hinduism and traditional, local beliefs Rich Artistic Legacy •Buddhism, Hinduism influence region’s sculpture, architecture - Cambodia’s ancient temple complex of Angkor Wat - Thailand’s Buddhist temples show modern religious architecture •Thailand, Indonesia have traditional costumed story dances NEXT

16. SECTION 1 Changing Lifestyles The Villages •Wood houses on stilts protect against floods • In Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Buddhist temple is center of village life • Traditional clothing includes longyi—long, wrapped skirt of Myanmar The Cities •Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Singapore are modern business cities • Housing shortage forces migrants into slums Image NEXT

17. Print Slide Show • 1. On the File menu, select Print • 2. In the pop-up menu, select Microsoft PowerPointIf the dialog box does not include this pop-up, continue to step 4 • 3. In the Print what box, choose the presentation format you want to print: slides, notes, handouts, or outline • 4. Click the Print button to print the PowerPoint presentation • Print Text Version • 1. Click the Print Text button below; a text file will open in Adobe Acrobat • 2. On the File menu, select Print • 3. Click the Print button to print the entire document, or select the pages you want to print Print Text Print Text CONTINUE