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Bottom Up Indonesian Internet Infrastructure

Explore the development of the Indonesian internet infrastructure from a bottom-up perspective, highlighting the key role of human factors and community involvement. Learn about the growth of commercial ISPs, grassroots movements, internet cafes, and the push for wireless internet. Discover how copyleft and copywrong movements have contributed to knowledge sharing and infrastructure building in Indonesia.

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Bottom Up Indonesian Internet Infrastructure

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  1. Bottom Up Indonesian Internet Infrastructure Onno W. Purbo Onno@indo.net.id Independent IT Writer

  2. References • http://sandbox.bellanet.org/~onno/ • http://www.apjii.or.id/onno/ Mailing List • wifi4d@dgroups.org

  3. Important Key Factor • Human • Community • Society • NOT Technology • NOT $$$

  4. Overview • Commercial ISP Development • Historical View & Tech. Aspects • Internet Community Development • Major Achievements • No backup from World Bank, IMF, ADB • Bottom-up Community based Sustainable development

  5. Key Strategies • Human factor is the most important KEY. • Provide Free Education to the Society • Copyleft & Copywrong movement • http://www.bogor.net/idkf/ • http://pandu.dhs.org/ • Free? How about the reward? • God provides reward in unimaginable ways.

  6. Society Education Process

  7. Involving Many Volunteers .. • Michael Sunggiardi (Bogor) • I Made Wiryana (Germany) • Umar Tjokroaminoto (Medan) • Adi Nugroho (Makassar) • Irwin Day (Makassar) • Ismail Fahmi (Bandung) • Etc …

  8. Basic strategy in short .. • “Either lead or follow but please don’t block the road for those who would move forward …” Phil Karn at Qualcomm, one of the Wireless Internet guru.

  9. Commercial Internet Development

  10. Commercial ISPs • APJII = Indonesian ISP Association • http://www.apjii.or.id • IndoNet • the first Indonesian commercial ISP in 1994.

  11. APJII Membership • 150+ Principal License Holder • 80 Member APJII • 40+ active in providing services • 100+ cities, all provinces • Common Facilities • APJII IIX • APJII IDNIC • Domain Registration & NIR (APNIC)

  12. Principal & Operational License

  13. Subscriber Distribution

  14. Targeted Total Indonesian Internet Users

  15. Indonesia Internet Exchange GLOBAL INTERNET ISP ISP APJII – IIX (GCC TELKOM)

  16. Some grassroots movements • Internet Café • High Speed Wireless Internet (11-54Mbps)

  17. Indonesian Internet Cafes • 2000+ Internet Cafes • Mostly self-finance • Hangout at asosiasi-warnet@yahoogroups.com • Fight for expanding own network & concept towards community based network.

  18. Indonesian Internet Café • Access Cost for Public Users • Rp. 5000 / hour. • Access Cost for Students at Schools • Rp. 5000 / month • Return of Investment • 1-2 Years (no WB, no IMF, no ADB, no GoI funding) • Internet Café is an affordable solution for Indonesian to access the Internet. It may enable 20+ million Indonesian to Internet in next 4-5 years.

  19. Indonesian Wireless Internet • Close to 1000 corporate users • Uses 11Mbps (soon 54Mbps) wireless connection • 2.4GHz (soon at 5-5.8GHz) • Hangout indowli@yahoogroups.com • Fight for free frequency license

  20. Historical View • Social (human) Aspects • Technological Aspects

  21. Network Topology: Jan 1993

  22. Homebrew Radio Modem

  23. Software & PC based • 286 & e-mail only • Freeware network operating system (NOS) • Downloadable from ftp://ftp.ucsd.edu/hamradio/packet/

  24. CA*net3 AI3 Indonesia: 1997 STARTAP WIDE TransPAC AI3 S-One / SingaREN APAN vBNS AI3 Indonesia IIX

  25. Current Technology Push • Wireless Internet 11-54Mbps • Estimated cost US$150 / unit • “Unlicensed” band 2.4Ghz, 5-5.8GHz • Build own network, no Telco!

  26. Two Way Satellite

  27. Success Factor • Community based development. • Human Resource Development • Culture! • Shifting mind set! • Self-financing. • Human is the key factor!

  28. Access Behavior • Source: Adi Nugroho adi@internux.co.id • 50% Internet Café in Makassar, Sulawesi • 20-27 January 2002.

  29. Logged Access Sites in Makassar

  30. Access Behavior • Search engine & webmail are the the most accessed site. • News & online media are next. • Indonesian pornographic site is next in the row (not much). • 2.98% users normally mistype the URL. • Yahoo.com & its family is the most (13%) accessed site.

  31. Indonesian Internet Communities • http://www.yahoogroups.com • http://groups.yahoo.com • http://groups.plasa.com • Survey done at yahoogroups.com

  32. Historical Perspective • ’90: Indonesians@jamus.berkeley.edu • ’96: Mailing-lists@itb.ac.id • ’99: Mailing-lists@yahoogroups.com

  33. Evaluate yahoogroups.com • 45.000+ Indonesian mailing lists • Mostly <100 subscribers • Evaluate only >100 subscribers

  34. Evaluation

  35. Mailing lists

  36. Subscribers

  37. Messages in 2001

  38. Activeness (msg/subs/month)

  39. Bandwidth (Kbps)

  40. Summary .. • Copyleft & copywrong movementdone by many volunteers (not the gov’t) really help in providing knowledge to the society & enable them to build their own infrastructure. • Wireless Internet & Internet café technologyis the key infrastructure. Most of the infrastructure are self-finance with no WB, IMF & ADB involvement. • Gov’t of Indonesiamost of the time claim our sucesses & ask for funding to donor agencies.

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