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Historical Background

Historical Background. No State EM Offices Prior to Cold War 1950 CD Act -- Creation of State Offices Established in All States Primarily Small, Obscure Line Agencies Focus is on National Security-Related CD Highly Dependent on Federal Government 70’s and 80’s Evolution to All-Hazards

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Historical Background

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  1. Historical Background • No State EM Offices Prior to Cold War • 1950 CD Act -- Creation of State Offices • Established in All States • Primarily Small, Obscure Line Agencies • Focus is on National Security-Related CD • Highly Dependent on Federal Government • 70’s and 80’s Evolution to All-Hazards • Large Disasters Caused Further Evolution • Now State EM Integral Part of State Gov.

  2. State Government Roles in E.M. • Enact EM Legislation, Codes, Regulations • Enforce National Laws • Develop Integrated CEM,4-Phased Pgms. • Coordinate State Agency Activities • Assist Local Governments • Serve as Interface with Federal Agencies • Fund Emergency Management Activities

  3. Substantial State Disasters 1997 • 4,783 Required “Substantial” State Help • 915 of these (19%) declared State Disasters • 49 of these (1%) Presidential Declarations (NEMA/CSG 1998, 10)

  4. Key State “Players” • Legislature • Governor and Aides • State Office of Emergency Management • Other State Agencies • Private Sector Organizations • Public Interest Groups

  5. Role of State Legislature • Shape Emergency Management Vision • Develop State Strategy and Policy • Provide Funding • Influence Program Development • Promote Good Land Use Policies • Enact Statewide Building Codes • Enact Mutual Aid Compacts

  6. Emergency Management Funding • Regular Appropriations • Supplemental Appropriations • Multiple Funding Sources • Trust Funds, Fees and Surcharges • Florida Surcharge on Residential and Commercial Property Insurance Premiums

  7. State Funding Mechanisms

  8. Role of Governor • Responsible for Emergency Management • Declares State Disaster • Directs State’s Disaster Response • Commands State National Guard • Sole Authority to Request Federal Aid • Interstate Mutual Aid Agreements

  9. Typical Gubernatorial Emergency Powers • Authority to Declare Disasters • Suspend State Laws • Mobilize National Guard • Seize Personal Property • Direct Evacuation • Authorize Emergency Funding

  10. Typical Key State Agencies • Planning Office • Department of the Environment, Forestry • Budget Office • State Police and Fire Marshall’s Office • Transportation, Public Works, Energy • Health and Human Services, Labor • State Emergency Response Commission • National Guard • Attorney General

  11. How State Directors are Chosen 8 28 14

  12. Who State Directors Report To 13 17 4 16

  13. State Emergency Management Agency By Location

  14. Components of a Successful State Emergency Mgmt. Agency • Professionally Trained Staff • Good Relationship with: • Governor’s Office • Legislature • Key State Agencies • Sufficient Funding Arrangements • Support for Four-Phased Program • EM Integrated into Land-Use Planning, Economic Development, Environmental Protection • (National Conf. Of State Legislatures, 1997, 7)

  15. State Office of E.M. Staffing • Low of Couple Dozen Employees (1997) • High of About 300 in California (1997) • National Average of 38 Personnel (1997)

  16. State Spending on E.M. FY (92-97) $2.77 Billion $2.08 $1.62 $1.62 $1.25 $1.18

  17. Total State E.M. Spending By Phase (FY 97) 12% 18% 27% 45%

  18. State Population Grouping Small (up to 1 million) Medium (1-4 million) Large (4-10 million) Very Large (over 10 million) Average Spending $19,011,210 $8,381,180 $76,429,781 $301,884,697 Emergency Management Spending Fiscal Year 1997

  19. Total State Spending on Mitigation (FY 92-97) $1,600 $1,400 $1.2 Billion $1,200 $1,000 $690 Spending ($US Millions) $800 $611 $600 $400 $198 $206 $130 $200 $0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 Fiscal Year

  20. State Population Grouping Small (up to 1 million) Medium (1-4 million) Large (4-10 million) Very Large (over 10 million) Average Spending $3,451,620 $2,122,093 $46,863,654 $178,027,797 Mitigation Spending Fiscal Year 1997

  21. Pre-Disaster & Post-Disaster Mitigation (FY 97) 10% 90%

  22. Total State Spending on Preparedness (FY 92-97)

  23. State Population Grouping Small (up to 1 million) Medium (1-4 million) Large (4-10 million) Very Large (over 10 million) Average Spending $4,587,606 $1,859,508 $7,476,522 $48,051,024 Preparedness Spending Fiscal Year 1997

  24. Total State Spending on Response (FY 92-97)

  25. State Population Grouping Small (up to 1 million) Medium (1-4 million) Large (4-10 million) Very Large (over 10 million) Average Spending $5,312,720 $1,717,207 $4,659,725 $31,340,880 Response Spending Fiscal Year 1997

  26. Total State Spending on Recovery (FY 92-97)

  27. State Population Grouping Small (up to 1 million) Medium (1-4 million) Large (4-10 million) Very Large (over 10 million) Average Spending $7,922,980 $3,373,845 $17,429,880 $97,156,236 Recovery Spending Fiscal Year 1997

  28. State Strengths and Shortcomings • Strengths: • Laws and Authorities In-Place • Finance and Administration • Operations and Procedures • Exercising • Shortcomings: • Resource Management • Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment • Response/Recovery Logistics/Facilities/Service (FEMA Capability Assessment)

  29. State Emergency Mgmt. Trends • Increased Spending • Increased Emphasis on Mitigation • Establishment of Funding Mechanisms • Comprehensive State Planning Mandates • State Building Codes • Interstate Mutual Aid Agreements • Staff Professionalization

  30. Florida’s Disaster Trust Fund • Emergency Management Preparedness and Assistance Trust Fund • Created in 1992 by Legislature, Following Hurricane Andrew • Component of Insurance Premiums • $2.00 on all Residential Insurance Policies • $4.00 on all Commercial Property Premiums • $16 Million Created in 1996

  31. Uses of Florida’s Disaster Trust Fund • Critical Care Facility Upgrading and Retrofitting • Hurricane Shutter Installation of Shelters • Clearing Floodway Passages • Financing Studies on • Evacuation • Citizen Disaster Education • Hazards Research

  32. Emergency Management Assistance Compacts (EMAC) • All States Can Participate • EMAC Legislation Needs to be Passed • 17 States and Territories Have Done So • Endorsed by FEMA, NEMA, IEMA

  33. Interstate Mutual Aid Agreements • Clarify Legal/Regulatory Questions • Mutual Assistance • Tort Responsibility for Out-Of-State Workers • Specify Reimbursement for Use of Personnel and Equipment Between States • Facilitates Quicker State Assistance • Enhances Knowledge, Skills, Abilities of Personnel Involved

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