THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

1. THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

2. BIRTH OF A NATION • Articles of Confederation (confederal government) 1777 • Annapolis Convention (1786, trade) • Shay’s Rebellion (1787) • Constitutional Convention (1787) • Negotiation and Compromise • New Jersey and Virginia plans • 3/5ths Compromise (tax. and rep.) • The Great Compromise (representation) • Federalist Papers (1787) Hamilton, Madison and Jay • Ratification

3. Under the 1st and 2nd Continental Congress (1774-81): Peyton Randolph Henry Middleton John Hancock Henry Laurens John Jay Samuel Huntington Thomas Mckean Under the Articles of Confederation (1782-88) John Hanson Elias Boudinot Richard Henry Lee Nathaniel Gorham Arthur St. Clair Cyrus Griffin Under U.S. Constitution George Washington+(1789) GEORGE THE FIRST?

6. New Jersey Plan Equal votes from each state Unicameral legislature Some power to levy taxes, regulate commerce Executive-more than one, elected by legislature, removed by state majority of governors National judiciary appointed by the president No power over states Ratification by the states Virginia Plan Popular representation Bicameral legislature Executive (including cabinet) size undetermined, elected and removed by congress Judicial-life tenure, can override state laws, elected by legislature Ratification by citizens THE SMALL STATES BATTLE THE LARGE STATES

7. THE ART OF COMPROMISE • Virginia Plan: House representation based on population favoring the _______ states. Strong national government, single executive and a judiciary (James Madison). • New Jersey Plan: Representation equally allocated to each state favoring the ________ states. Weak national government, multiple executives and a supreme court. Retained the Articles of Confederation (William Patterson). • Connecticut Plan (Great Compromise): ???????? • 3/5th’s Compromise: for the purposes of taxation and house representation, slaves would be counted as 3/5th’s of a person. No slave importation after 1807. (note: slaves comprised 3/5’s of the southern population) • Signed on September 17, 1787 (Constitution Day)

8. THE CONSTITUTION…. • What is it? • What is it used for? • Who developed it? • What was the first?

9. U.S. CONSTITUTION a framework….

10. THE UNFOLDING… • Magna Carta (1215) compelling King John of England to agree to some governmental restrictions and subjects’ rights. • Mayflower Compact (1620) Mayflower pilgrims agree to a set of laws governing behavior for the “good of the people”. • The Colonial Charters (1624-1732) various colonial constitutions • Declaration of Independence (1776) • Articles of Confederation (1781-1789) • The Constitution (1788)

11. PREAMBLE • We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

12. CONSTITUTION • Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists • Adoption (1788) • Bill of Rights (1791) • Articles I, II, III • Legislative, Executive and Judicial branches • Balance of power and checks and balances

13. ARTICLES IV-VII • IV: States’ rights between states • V: Amendability • VI: Supreme law of the land • VII: Ratification (9 of 13)

14. AMENDING THE CONSTITUTION Note: 21st amendment repealed the 18 th with congressional and state conventions’ approval . h.

15. RATIFICATION

16. ORDER OF RATIFICATION

17. BALANCE OF POWER • Shared government • Checks and balances

18. BILL OF RIGHTS • Amendments 1-10 • Civil Liberties

19. CHECKS & BALANCES

20. OTHER CHANGES………… • ERA • Continuity of Congress • Abortion • Marriage • Presidential qualification • Marital definition

21. CONGRESS • Article I the legislative branch • Sections 1-10

22. THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH • Article II the presidency • Sections 1-4

23. THE JUDICIAL BRANCH • Article III the Supreme Court • Sections 1-3