English language 2

1. Lessons 3 - 4 English language 2

2. 3 - Types of Computer Systems • From mainframes to wearable computers • Mainframe • server • desktop PC • IBM PC • Apple Macintosh • laptop (notebook)PC • Thin Film Transistor (TFT) screen • touchpad • Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports • battery packs

3. 3 - Types of Computer Systems • From mainframes to wearable computers • tablet PC • PDA - Personal Digital assistant • handheld devices • palmtops • pocket PCs Input via • stylus • touch screen • handwriting recognition • voice recognition • wireless technology • wearable computer

4. 3 - Types of Computer Systems

5. 4 - Input devices: type, click and talk! • Interacting with your computer • Input devices - definition touchpad trackball

6. 4 - Input devices: type, click and talk! • The keyboard • Groups of keys • Alphanumeric keys • Letters and numbers • Numeric keypad • Numeric and editing keys • Function keys • Cursor keys • Arrow keys, Home, End, Page Up, Page Down • Dedicated keys • Ctrl • Caps lock • Enter (Return) • Backspace

7. 4 - Input devices: type, click and talk! • The mouse • Parts: • buttons • scroll wheel • pointer • Voice input • voice recognition system • Types: • with a ball • optical • cordless (wireless) • Actions: • to click • to double click • to drag • to right click

8. Modal Verbs • Modal verbs are a special form of verbs that we use before other verbs to express certain meanings: • permission • ability • possibility • certainity • Modal verbs are: can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, ought to • Verbs similar to modals are: used to, had better, need not (needn’t) • Past and future of modals: be able to, have to

9. Modal Verbs • Modal verbs are different from other verbs in four ways: • After them, we use infinitives without “to”. I can drive a car. (I can to drive a car.) I learn to drive a car. I should go home. (I should to go home.) I want to go home. • They have no -s on the third person singular. He can swim. (He cans swim.) She must pay now. (She musts pay now.)

10. Modal Verbs • Modal verbs are different from other verbs in four ways: • They make questions by inversion, changing the place with the subject. Can you help me? (Do you can help me?) May I stay tonight? (Do I may stay tonight?) • They have no infinitives or participles. to can, mayed, musting Instead, we use other verbs: can - be able to | must - have to

11. Modal Verbs • must • In affirmative sentences we use must when we mean: • “This is necessary.” I must go to the library tomorrow. We must fill in this form. • “This is a very good idea.” You must visit us while you are in Paris. We must see you again. • In questions, we use must when we mean: • “Is this really necessary?” Must you talk so loud? Must we tell the police when we change the address?

12. Modal Verbs • must not (mustn’t) and need not (needn’t) • We use must not when we mean: “Do not do that!” You must not smoke here! You must not wake the baby. • We use need not when we mean: “This is not necessary.” We need not pay now, we can pay later. We need not hurry - we are early! • Affirmative “need” is not a modal verb. He needs to go now.

13. Modal Verbs • have to • It is not a modal verb, but we use have to like must and do not have to like need not. • We use have to when we want to say/ask: “This is necessary.”/”Is this necessary?” (like must) You have to drive on the left in Britain. Does she have to study for her exam? • We use do not/does not have to when we want to say “This is not necessary.” (like need not) You do not have to phone her, she knows already. • We normally use have to, not must when we talk about rules and laws.

14. Modal Verbs • had to | will have to • We use had to for the past and will have to for the future of must and have to. Did you have to learn Franch in school? I had to answer all the questions. I did not have to make lunch yesterday. I will have to clean my flat tomorrow. Will you have to start school next month? He will not have to pass the exam.

15. Questions?