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Experimental Hadron Physics in Poland

status (1985-2006) and perspectives polish contributions and achievements fields of interest:. LQCD [ Bowman etal ‘02] Instanto nmodel [Diakonov+Petrov ’85,Shuryak]. r N. 1 fm. Nuclear matter at extreme condition (T, ). Chiral Symmetry and mass generation.

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Experimental Hadron Physics in Poland

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  1. status (1985-2006) and perspectives polish contributions and achievements fields of interest: LQCD [Bowman etal ‘02] Instanto nmodel [Diakonov+Petrov ’85,Shuryak] rN 1 fm Nuclear matter at extreme condition (T,) Chiral Symmetry and mass generation Interactions and structure of hadrons 1 fm r Experimental Hadron Physics in Poland

  2. JU (I-III)– Jagiellonian University (Krakow) WIT - Warsaw Institue of Technology (Warsaw) US- University of Silesia (Katowice)UW (I,II)-Warsaw University (Warsaw) INS - Institute of Nuclear Studies (Warsaw)INP-Institute of Nuclear Physics (Krakow) IPSA - Institute of Physics Świetokrzyska Academy (Kielce)

  3. polarised and unpolarised proton and • deuteron beams • stochastic and electron cooling • momentum range: 600 – 3700 MeV/c • meson production up to (1020) COoler SYnchrotron COSY WASA

  4. Meson production close to threshold • only s-wave partial waves contribute to Final State • 1S0 pp FSI known • pX interactions measured via  (Q=s1/2 – s12thresh ) and Dalitz plot • X: , ' , , K- , K+ , ,  CELSIUS Saturn

  5. JU Since 1987: 12 members. Construction of TOF walls, Drift chambers, beam monitors US: 3 members • COSY-11: J. Smyrski et al., NIMA 541 (2005) 574.

  6. /' production σ = dVps |M|2 |M|2 ~ |M0|2|Mpp|2 |Mp1η|2 |Mp2η|2 |M|2 ~ |M0 |2|Mpp|2 pp pp η at Q=15.5 MeV COSY11 • strong p FSI (S11(1535)) • weak p' FSI • bin size is experimental resolution !

  7. 2001-06 COSY: PLB 635 (2006) 23 DISTO[1] pp FSI Strangeness production: • K+/K- ratio important for: in medium kaon properties- HI@GSI (subthreshold kaon production) • K+K- production : • / ratio OZI rules in pp collisions • / ratio enhanced but not so much as in pp annihilation at rest • non –resonant contribution consistent with space distribution

  8. Test of CP symmetries in flavour conserving decays: +-e+e- • charge symmetries of strong interactions (u, d quarks mass difference) via / mixing in ' decays and • dd0 • exotics – glueballs, pentaquarks Polish groups: UW, JU, US, INP, INS ECAL, Forward-Detecto L=1032 cm−2s−1

  9. SIS 100 2T (4T/s) magnets U28+ 2.7 GeV/u 1012 ions/s protons 30 GeV 2.8x1013/s SIS 100/300 SIS 300 6T (1T/s) magnets SIS UNILAC U92+ 34 GeV/u 1010 s FRS 18 ESR Secondary Beams Radioactive beams up to 1.5 GeV/u Antiprotons up to 30 GeV HESR Super FRS p Target Storage and Cooler Rings CR Radioactive beams e-A collider HESR: Antiprotons 1.5- 15 GeV NESR GSI-FAIR MoU signed by Poland in 2005 CBM PANDA FOPI, HADES, KAOS

  10. p production rate 2x107/sec • Pbeam = 1.5 - 15 GeV/c • Nstored= 1011p • Internal target • p/p ~ 10-5 (electron cooling) PANDA @ FAIR • Charmonium spectroscopy (cc) • "Glue" bound states: Hybrids(ccg) and glueballs (ggg)) • D mesons in nuclear matter • Hypernuclei spectroscopy Target spectrometer Target Polish groups: R&D: ECAL (UNS) MDC, DAQ, FEE (JU) Forward Spectrometer coordination Design Studies: (JU) Forward spectrometer Solenoid

  11. KaoS FOPI/KaOS@ GSIKaons in medium JU: since '87 5-7 members Zero Degree Hodoscope UW: since 1989 6-7 members Participation in construction of TOF Barrel

  12. Subthreshold K- production KaoS • calculations with in medium potential describe data : U(K+, 0)= 30 MeV, U(K-, 0)=-70 MeV • W. Cassing et. al Nucl. Phys. A 614, 415 (1997).

  13. K+production and nuclear matter EOS KaoS PRL86(2001)39 • K<200 MeV soft EOS C. Fuchs PRL91(2003)152301 NN thres. • Soft EOS preferred (precise  K for k production in NN essential! )

  14. In-medium hadron properties with HADES @ GSI • Studied via electron momentum reconstruction of e+,e- pairs (penetrating probes) from pp, pA,A, AA • excellent electron ID against hadrons (~10-4) • Spectrometer with high invariant mass resolution M/M~2% at /, large acceptance and high rate capability. Project launched in 1995. Measurement started in 2002 JU since 1995 (~12 members) R&D and construction of Pre-Shower incl. read-out electronic of 20k channels CollaborationMore than 100 physicists fromCyprus, Czech Rep., France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Spain

  15. e+ Ne+e- e+e-    p N r/ e-  e+e- • measured rates span over 5 orders of magnitude • better description with in-medium spectral functions of  • more sensitivity in larger systems (Ar+KCl, Au+Au,..) expected

  16. FOPI: K- flow sensitive to KN potential (TOF RPC upgrade) Kaon production in pion induced reactions Kaonic bound state in nuclear matter HADES studies of e+,e- sources in pp, dp collisions,  modifications in nucleus, pion induced reactions, studies of e+,e- production in heaviest systems (Au+Au) at top SIS18 energies->inner TOF and DAQ upgrade (EU programme) HADES at 8 AGeV (->CBM experiment) FOPI & HADES future programms (2006-2010)

  17. Nuclear matter under extreme conditions M. Gazdicki Chiral resotoration?

  18. NA49: observation of onset of deconfinment? • (Marek ) HORN • STEP 30 AGeV

  19. Na49 Future: Search for critical point of Strong Interactions • Search for anomalies in fluctuations and flow (v2) in function of system size and energy (s1/2 > 7 GeV) • Systematic scan in energy and system size:pp, pA, AA collisions (10-158 AGeV) • Letter of intent SPSC for dedicated experiments at SPS in 2006-2011. Test run in august Polish groups (data analysis): IPSA, INP, INS,WIT, UW, JU

  20. ECAL TOF RICH TRD magnet STS beam CBM experiment at FAIR • Scientific goals: properties of baryon-rich and dense nuclear matter • A+A 8-35 AGeV (Au+Au), pp and pA (p<90 GeV) • ChSrestoration - in medium / at high baryon density • open charm (D-mesons) and J/ in medium • Strangeness production: K, , ,  • event by event fluctuations • Polish groups: • Feasibility studies dieleptons (JU), strangeness (UW), DAQ (US, UW) • R&D • Silicon Tracking (JU), RPC(UW)

  21. STAR RHIC’s Experiments • Top Center-of-Mass Energy: • 200 GeV/nucleon for Au-Au • Luminosity Au-Au: 2 x 1026 cm-2 s-1; p-p : 2 x 1032 cm-2 s-1

  22. Experimental set up Hadrons ID:p, K,  at: up to 30 GeV/u, with (dp/p) ~ 1% 0 < |y| < 40.2 < pt < ~ 3GeV/c • 9drift chambers & FEE built in JU detector lab

  23. 12 7 (highest rapidity measurements not yet completed) Net protons rapidity density comparison Net protons rapidity density • With increasing energy the nucleus – nucleus collisons are more and more transparent • The matter that is created at RHIC differs from anything that has been investigated before (baryon free region) !

  24. Large high pt suppression for centralcollisions as compared to semi-peripheral High pt component of hadron spectra Nuclear modification factor : Au(100A GeV) + Au(100A GeV) Ratio of the suppression factor Rcpat =0 and =2.2 RCP The evidences for strong nuclear effects Jets energy loss Color Glass condenste ?

  25. T0 counter SpecTrig TOF Trigger Counter Octagon Spectrometer MIT, BNL, Argonne National Laborator, University of Illinois at Chicago, University of Rochester, University of Maryland Poland:INP ( 7 members),Tajwan: National Central University Participation of the Polish Group (since 1992): - contribution to the detector construction (~30% of the total detector cost) - developments of the physics research program and software system 137k silicon sensors ~4 multiplicity coverage excellent low pt Au+Au, sNN = 200 GeV

  26. Particle flow -R dN/d( -R ) = N0 (1 + 2v1cos (-R) +2v2cos (2(-R))+ ... ) • Hydrodynamical models, with the assumed ideal nature of the fluid (no viscosity), reproduce the strength of the flow for central Au+Au for the first time at RHIC energies!

  27. Coming Future: AliCE (ATLAS) @ LHC ALICE detector HMPID TRD TPC MUON SPEC. PMD ITS TOF PHOS FMD • 30 times larger energy as in RHIC • Energy desntity  ~15-40 GeV/fm3 >> crit~1 GeV/fm3 • Freeze-out out ~ 20000 fm3, QGP duration (4-10 fm) Polish groups: ~20 members INP (TPC analysis), INS WIT (HBT correlations), UW

  28. Many interesting physics done so far (COSY, SATURN, GSI, CERN, RHIC) New exciting possibilities and challenges: short term (<2010): HADES, FOPI: in-medium hadron properties WASA : studies of symmetries of SI NA49future: search for critical point of SI longer term (>2012): PANDA : charmonium physics CBM: studies of compressed baryonic matter LHC : starts tomorrow.. Summary

  29. back-up slides

  30. High pt suppression at forward in d+ Au Rd+Au RCP BRAHMS: PRL 93 (2004)242303 Initial conditions for high energy collisions are determined by the„wee partons” in the wave functions of the colliding nuclei Color Glass Condensate (CGC) phase of hadronic matter.

  31. p L p K f jet Collision trajectory in T = 120 MeV e = 0.06 GeV/fm3 Time g e T = 230 MeV e = 3 GeV/fm3 Toneev at al. ,nucl-th/0503088: 3-fluid hydrodynamics Space Au Au 200 AGeV "collider" Laboratory of nuclear matter e 

  32. Strangeness creation KaoS

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