Chapter 4 Verbs

1. Chapter 4Verbs 7th Grade Language Arts

2. Lesson 1: What Is a Verb? • A verb is a word used to express an action, a condition, or a state of being.

3. Action Verbs • Tells what its subject does. • King Kong stomps through the streets of New York. • He climbs the Empire State Building

4. Linking Verbs • Links the subject to a word in the predicate.

5. Linking Verbs • Most common are forms of the verb be: • Is, am are, was, were, been, being • Other linking verbs (express condition): • Appear, become, feel grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, taste • King Kong is a huge gorilla. • He seems angry.

6. Action or Linking? • Some verbs can serve as either action or linking, depending on the sentence. • Kong looks at Ann Darrow. _________________ • She looks frightened. _____________________

7. Helping Verbs and Verb Phrases • Helping verbs help main verbs express precise shades of meaning. • The combination of one or more helping verbs with a main verb is called a verb phrase. • We have watched the movie King Kong four times. • I can rent it any time.

8. Helping Verb or Main Verb? • Some verbs can serve as both main verbs and as helping verbs, depending on the sentence. • King Kong has no chance of survival. • ________________________ • He has angered too many people. • ________________________

9. Common Helping Verbs • Common Helping Verbs • Forms of be: is, am, are, was, were, been, being • Forms of do: do, did, does • Forms of have: have, has, had • Others: could, should, would, may, might, must, can, shall, will

10. Writing Link • Verbs are important in writing because they can make the writing more powerful. Try to choose verbs that are asspecific as possible. • The movie had my attention. • The movie ___________________ my attention.

11. Lesson 2: Action Verbs and Objects • Action verbs are often accompanied by words that complete their meaning. • These complements are called direct and indirect objects.

12. Direct Objects • A noun or pronoun that names the receiver of an action. • Answers the question whom or what. • The scriptwriter begins the process.

13. Indirect Objects • A noun or pronoun that tells to what or to whom or forwhat or for whom an action is done. • Verbs that often take indirect objects include: bring, give, hand, lend, make, send, show, teach, tell, and write. • The scriptwriter sends the director a script.

14. Remember! • Direct and indirect objects CANNOT be the object of a preposition. • Tell the movie ending to us. • Tell us the movie ending.

15. Transitive Verbs • Transitive verbs are verbs that have direct objects.

16. Intransitive Verbs • Intransitive verbs are verbs that do not have direct objects. • Scriptwriters set the pace of their movies. • The action moves quickly or slowly. • The good ones choose wisely.

17. Lesson 3: Linking Verbs and Predicate Words • A linking verb connects its subject to a word in the predicate called a subject complement. • The subject complement renames (predicate noun) or describes (predicate adjective) the subject.

18. Common Linking Verbs • Common linking verbs include: is, am, are feel, seem, and look.

19. Predicate Nouns • Identify, rename, or define the subject. • Star Wars is a science fiction film. • I am a science fiction fan.

20. Predicate Adjectives • Modify or describe the subject. • Science fiction films are popular.

21. Lesson 4: Principal Parts of Verbs • Every verb has four basic forms, or principal parts: present, present participle, past, and past participle. • These principal parts are used to make all of the forms and tenses of the verb.

22. The Four Principal Parts of a Verb

23. Notice… • …that helping verbs are used with the present participle and the past participle.

24. Regular Verbs • A regular verb is a verb whose past and past participle are formed by adding –ed or –d to the present form. • The present participle is formed by adding –ing to the present form.

25. Regular Verbs

26. Irregular Verbs • We will cover irregular verbs in lesson 5.

27. Lesson 5: Irregular Verbs • Irregular verbs are verbs whose past and past participle forms are not made by adding –ed or –d to the present.

28. Group 1 Verbs • The forms of the present, the past, and the past participle are all the same. • Burst (present) burst (past) has burst (past participle). • See more examples on page 102.

29. Group 2 Verbs • The forms of the past and past participle are the same. • Build (present) built (past) has built (past participle) • See more examples on page 102.

30. Group 3 Verbs • The past participle is formed by adding –n or –en to the past. • Bite (present) bit (past) has bitten (past participle) • See more examples on page 103.

31. Group 4 Verbs • The past participle is formed from the present, usually by adding –n or –en. • Blow (present) blew (past) has blown (past participle) • See more examples on page 103.

32. Group 5 Verbs • A vowel in the verb changes from i in the present to ain the past and to u in the past participle. • Begin (present) began (past) has begun (past participle) • See page 103 for more examples.

33. The Irregular Verb ‘Be’ • The past participle does not follow any pattern. • Am, are is (present) was, were (past) has been (past participle)

34. Lesson 6: Simple Tenses • A tense is a verb form that shows the time of an action or condition. • There are three simple tenses for verbs: present, past, and future.

35. Present Tense • shows actions or conditions that occur now. • The water rushes swiftly by the raft.

36. Past Tense • shows actions or conditions that were completed in the past. • The raft passed the point of no return earlier.

37. Future Tense • shows actions or conditions that will occur in the future. • Soon someone will fall into the water.

38. Progressive Forms of Verbs • Express actions or conditions that are in progress. • The progressive forms of the three tenses are used to show that actions or conditions are, were, or will be in progress.

39. Progressive Verbs • Present progressive: People on shore are calling for help. • Past progressive: They were fishing before. • Future progressive: They will be watching for the rescue boat.

40. Forming Simple Tenses • The present tense of a verb is the present principal part. • The past tense of a verb is the past principal part.

41. Forming Simple Tenses Cont. • The future tense of a verb requires adding the helping verb will to the present principal part. • To make the progressive form of one of these tenses, add the present, past or future form of the verb be to the present participle. • I am directing. • I was directing. • I will be directing.

42. Lesson 7: Perfect Tenses

43. Present Perfect • Present perfect tense: places an action or condition in a stretch of time leading up to the present. • The present perfect tense is formed by adding has or have to the past participle. • The scientist has created a monster.

44. Past Perfect • places an action or condition before another past action or condition. • The past perfect tense is formed by adding had to the past participle. • When the scientist had tinkered with him, the monster awakened.

45. Future Perfect Tense • places a future action or condition before another future action or condition. • The future perfect tense is formed by adding will have to the past participle. • The monster will have escaped before the scientist notices.

46. Lesson 8: Using Verb Tenses • A good writer uses different verb tenses to indicate that events occur at different times. Do not switch between verb tenses unless you mean to indicate that events took place at a different time.

47. Writing About the Present • Use present tense, present perfect tense, and present progressive tense • Motion pictures work because of our vision. • Filmmakers have created fantastic special effects. • Directors are learning the use of computer effects.

48. Writing About the Past • Convey actions that come to an end in the past. • Use past verb forms: (past tense, past perfect tense, and past progressive) • Thomas Edison’s company launched the motion picture industry. • Other investors had put sound with pictures long before Edison did. • Filmmakers were trying new technologies for years before they began using computers.

49. Writing About the Future • Convey actions and conditions that are yet to come. • Use future tense, future perfect tense, and future progressive tense. • Maybe everyone will make movies someday. • Before they can read, children will have learned to use a camera. • People will be making movies even more cheaply.

50. Using Verb Tenses • When you use the correct tense in writing, you help your readers keep the sequence of events straight.