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Plate Tectonics

Plate Tectonics.

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Plate Tectonics

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  1. Plate Tectonics 6.E.2.2 The earth's plates sit on a dense, hot, somewhat melted layer of the earth. The plates move very slowly, pressing against one another in some places and pulling apart in other places, sometimes scraping alongside each other as they do. Mountains form as two continental plates, or an ocean plate and a continental plate, press together. There are worldwide patterns to major geological events (such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain building) that coincide with plate boundaries. Lithospheric plates on the scale of continents and oceans constantly move at rates of centimeters per year as a result of movements in the mantle coupled with characteristics of the plates themselves. Major geological events, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain building, result from these plate motions. The crustal plates range in thickness from a few to more than 100 kilometers. Ocean floors are the tops of thin oceanic plates that spread outward from mid-ocean rift zones; land surfaces are the tops of thicker, less-dense continental plates. Earth is made up of 4 different layers: inner core, outer core, mantle, crust. Seismologists have studied how wave energy travels through the different layers of Earth. Waves have characteristics: frequency, wavelength, amplitude and speed. During an earthquake, energy is released into the Earth as: Primary waves, Secondary waves and Surface waves. 2013

  2. Plate Tectonics Day 1 Objective Warm Up • Pangaea’s Moving Farther Apart Again Song • From the song, what are 2-3 facts that you already knew? • List 3-5 facts that you learned from the song. • In our study of Earth Science, scientists will be introduced to the different factors and forces that have created Earth’s features around the world by viewing media clips and taking notes.

  3. Review • Geologists discovered the Earth has three layers-the crust, the mantle, and the core. • Oceanic Crust--beneath the ocean, consists mostly of dense rock. • Continental Crust--also consists of dense rock, makes up the continents (land). • The crusts make up the lithosphere. • The asthenosphere is a soft layer that can bend like plastic. • The lithosphere sits on top of the asthenosphere

  4. Alfred Wegener first proposed the theory of continental drift. • Continental drift is thetheory that all continents had once been joined together in a single landmass and have drifted apart since. • This theory was named the Continental Drift Theory, Pangaea = name of supercontinent. http://www.odsn.de/odsn/services/paleomap/animation.html

  5. Fossils provide evidence for the theory of continental drift. Discovery Ed. Video Clip

  6. The lithosphere is broken into separate sections called plates. • The geological theory that states that pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in constant, slow motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle is plate tectonics. This theory states that tectonic plates are moving approximately 3 cm (or 1 inch) per year.

  7. Hot magmain the mantle heats up and cools. As it heats it rises and moves toward the surface, and as it cools it sinks. This is a process called convection currents. Convectioncurrents are currents beneath the plates thatcause the plates to move.

  8. Convection Currents http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/?assetGuid=70332E27-F6C4-4CE5-8D5E-C5B6D397D6F7&fromMyDe=0&isPrinterFriendly=0&provider=&isLessonFromHealth=0&productcode=DETB&isAssigned=false&includeHeader=YES&homeworkGuid=

  9. Convection Currents and the Mantle http://www.absorblearning.com/media/item.action?quick=12p

  10. Summary The Continental Drift Song (Breaking Up Is Hard to Do) Plate tectonic Theory Pangaea-all lands Make a sentence about Pangaea Proof- fossils, geology, andclimate http://www.odsn.de/odsn/services/paleomap/animation.html Surface of earth made of rigid “plates” Float on asthenosphere is in constant motion Explains Drifting continents Mountain building Earthquakes Volcanic activity

  11. SCRAT AND CONTINENTAL DRIFT-ICE AGE 4 While watching the video clip make a T-chart that lists the fiction and nonfiction components. Fiction Nonfiction

  12. Plate Tectonics Day 2 Objective Warm Up In our study of Earth Science, scientists will continue to discover factors and forces that have created Earth’s features around the world by viewing media clips, taking notes and completing a venn diagram that compares the different types of plate boundaries. In paragraph form, describe how scientists can prove that the tectonic plates are continuing to move. Use the following terms: fossils, geology, climate, seismic waves, earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountains. A paragraph is 5-8 complete sentences.

  13. Seismologists have studied how wave energy travels through the different layers of Earth. Waves have characteristics: frequency, wavelength, amplitude and speed. During an earthquake, energy is released into the Earth as: Primary waves, Secondary waves and Surface waves.

  14. Effects of crustal plate movement! Major geological events, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain building, result from these plate motions.

  15. Constructive ForcesHelp buildland Discovery Education 3 min.Video http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/?assetGuid=5C04739F-F083-44B6-8351-20BD8A98211A&fromMyDe=0&isPrinterFriendly=0&provider=&isLessonFromHealth=0&productcode=DETB&isAssigned=false&includeHeader=YES&homeworkGuid= Annimation http://www.learner.org/interactives/dynamicearth/plate.html

  16. Divergent Boundaries http://www.learner.org/interactives/dynamicearth/slip3.html • Boundary between two plates that are moving apart or rifting ← → Mid-Atlantic Ridge Iceland platessplit; hot molten rock from the mantle rises, cools and causes the floor to spread.

  17. Convergent Boundarieshttp://www.learner.org/interactives/dynamicearth/slip2.html Boundaries between two plates that are colliding → ←

  18. Convergent Boundaries BRAINBREAK Do the convergent Kung Fu Panda move put your palms together and rise. What is formed? Sometimes one plate slips under the other in subduction. Do this move with your hands.

  19. Convergent Boundaries Continental-Continental Twocontinental plates crash into one another and forms mountains over millions of years. (Collide) The Himalayas Appalachians

  20. Convergent Boundaries Oceanic-Continental Subductionhttp://www.learner.org/interactives/dynamicearth/slip2.html Oceanic platescollide with continental plates, and slide beneath them creating trenches and/or volcanic arcs. Oceanic plates are more dense than continental plates so oceanic plates slide under continental plates. Ex. Mt. St. Helens http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=489D30FF-EC27-483E-825D-A5FA582A57E4

  21. Convergent Boundaries Oceanic-Oceanic Subduction Oceanic platescollide with oceanic plates, the older, more dense plate slides beneath the newer, less dense plate and forms trenches and/or island arcs. Ex. Aleutian Peninsula of Alaska

  22. Transform Fault Boundaries http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZxPTLmg0ZCw(3 min.) Boundary between two plates that are sliding (or grind) past each other EARTHQUAKES occur along faults Faults are breaks in the Earth’s crust where rocks have slipped past each other. Ex. San Andreas Fault (California) Animations of each boundary http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0804/es0804page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization

  23. Make Your Own Earthquake Snap your fingers and observe what is happening. When you snap your fingers, imagine that each finger is a big chunk of rock deep inside the Earth’s surface. Like your fingers, one rock mass is forced against another.

  24. Earthquake Destruction http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Y-62Ti5_6s Writing Reflection (in notebook): Why do earthquakes in other countries seem to cause more damage and casualties than earthquakes in the US? What can Americans do about it?

  25. Transform Fault Organizing Our Thoughts Convergent Divergent

  26. Hotspots http://www.youtube.com/redirect?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nowplaying3d.com%2F&session_token=xykya4K30BdsW7z_ogLpfL81ad58MTM4OTMwOTExMUAxMzg5MjIyNzEx(1.14) hot material rises up through the mantle, heats up the lithosphere and forms a volcano. Once the plate passes over this hotspot, the volcano becomes inactive. Ex. Hawaiian Islands http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=C485747E-A115-41D6-9D42-D6FFE6CA3914(1.41)

  27. Mount Nyiragongo VideoLife near the volcano (8 min.)http://youtu.be/rZLSvO6vJZ0 More videos-no sound http://youtu.be/W_meqhjQxb8 http://youtu.be/6qMYmNg6K_8

  28. Discovery Education 27 minute video http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=8565EFBE-6F25-42BF-A60C-0BEA7F34ADCA

  29. Where do earthquakes occur? There are worldwidepatterns to major geological events (such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain building) that coincide with plate boundaries.

  30. What happens when you throw a rock into water? Why does it ripple? How far do the ripples continue? How might this relate to Earthquakes? VIBRATIONS An instrument called a seismograph records tectonic plate movement. A seismologist is a scientist that studies earthquakes. Aftershocks are smaller vibrations after a large earthquake

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