The Transformation of Greece in the Fourth Century BC: From Peloponnesian Wars to Macedonian Ascendancy
This exploration delves into Greece's evolution post-Peloponnesian Wars, highlighting the fourth century BC's critical events, figures, and writings. Sources such as Plutarch's "Lives," Aristotle's "Metaphysics," and Demosthenes' oratory reveal the political dynamics of this era, including Spartan arrogance and the rise of new city-states like Thebes and Corinth. Key events, such as the Battle of Leuctra and the emergence of Macedonia under Philip II, reshape the Greek landscape, leading to a multi-polar system and eventual dominance over Persia.
The Transformation of Greece in the Fourth Century BC: From Peloponnesian Wars to Macedonian Ascendancy
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Presentation Transcript
370 Greece after the Peloponnesian Wars The fourth century BC
Sources • Epigraphic • Laws • Treaties • Plutarch • Lives • Moralia
Oratorical Literature (persuasion) • Demosthenes • Andocides • Xenophon • Hellenica
Plato • Republic • Dialogues • Aristotle • Metaphysics • Meteorology • Politics
Spartan arrogance • Lysander • Greeks in Persia • Persian involvement • Bi-polar to multi-polar system • Emerging city-states • Corinth • Thebes
Second Athenian Confederacy-378 • Spartan defeat • Battle of Leuctra-371
Macedonia • Mt. Olympus • Timber and mineral resources • Occupied by Persia 512-479 • Peloponnesian Wars • Philip II 382-336 • Battle of Chaeronea 338
