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FC.71 THE BLACK DEATH AND ITS IMPACT

FC.71 THE BLACK DEATH AND ITS IMPACT. FC.71 THE BLACK DEATH AND ITS IMPACT. New agr. tech ’ s (FC.63). Climate?. FC.71 THE BLACK DEATH AND ITS IMPACT. New agr. tech ’ s (FC.63). Colder & wetter climate in 1300s. FC.71 THE BLACK DEATH AND ITS IMPACT. New agr. tech ’ s (FC.63).

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FC.71 THE BLACK DEATH AND ITS IMPACT

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  1. FC.71 THE BLACK DEATH AND ITS IMPACT

  2. FC.71 THE BLACK DEATH AND ITS IMPACT New agr. tech’s (FC.63) Climate?

  3. FC.71 THE BLACK DEATH AND ITS IMPACT New agr. tech’s (FC.63) Colder & wetter climate in 1300s

  4. FC.71 THE BLACK DEATH AND ITS IMPACT New agr. tech’s (FC.63) Colder & wetter climate in 1300s Pop. growth More demand for food & fuel Inflation & strain on environment Expand agr. lands

  5. FC.71 THE BLACK DEATH AND ITS IMPACT New agr. tech’s (FC.63) Colder & wetter climate in 1300s Pop. growth More demand for food & fuel Inflation & strain on environment Expand agr. lands

  6. FC.71 THE BLACK DEATH AND ITS IMPACT New agr. tech’s (FC.63) Colder & wetter climate in 1300s Pop. growth More demand for food & fuel Inflation & strain on environment Expand agr. lands

  7. FC.71 THE BLACK DEATH AND ITS IMPACT New agr. tech’s (FC.63) Colder & wetter climate in 1300s Pop. growth More demand for food & fuel Inflation & strain on environment Expand agr. lands

  8. FC.71 THE BLACK DEATH AND ITS IMPACT New agr. tech’s (FC.63) Colder & wetter climate in 1300s Pop. growth More demand for food & fuel Inflation & strain on environment Expand agr. lands

  9. FC.71 THE BLACK DEATH AND ITS IMPACT New agr. tech’s (FC.63) Colder & wetter climate in 1300s Pop. growth More demand for food & fuel Inflation & strain on environment Expand agr. lands

  10. FC.71 THE BLACK DEATH AND ITS IMPACT New agr. tech’s (FC.63) Colder & wetter climate in 1300s Pop. growth More demand for food & fuel Inflation & strain on environment Expand agr. lands

  11. FC.71 THE BLACK DEATH AND ITS IMPACT New agr. tech’s (FC.63) Colder & wetter climate in 1300s Pop. growth More demand for food & fuel Inflation & strain on environment Expand agr. lands

  12. FC.71 THE BLACK DEATH AND ITS IMPACT New agr. tech’s (FC.63) Colder & wetter climate in 1300s Mongols conquer China & most of Eurasia (FC.57) Mongols conquer China & most of Eurasia (FC.57) Pop. growth More demand for food & fuel Inflation & strain on environment Expand agr. lands

  13. FC.71 THE BLACK DEATH AND ITS IMPACT Black Death spreads from China along Silk Road kept open by Mongols New agr. tech’s (FC.63) Colder & wetter climate in 1300s Mongols conquer China & most of Eurasia (FC.57) Mongols conquer China & most of Eurasia (FC.57) Pop. growth More demand for food & fuel Inflation & strain on environment Expand agr. lands

  14. FC.71 THE BLACK DEATH AND ITS IMPACT Black Death (c.1347-1450) reduces Western Europe’s population by 30-40% Black Death spreads from China along Silk Road kept open by Mongols New agr. tech’s (FC.63) Colder & wetter climate in 1300s Mongols conquer China & most of Eurasia (FC.57) Mongols conquer China & most of Eurasia (FC.57) Pop. growth More demand for food & fuel Inflation & strain on environment Expand agr. lands

  15. What is the Black Death? • YersiniaPestis

  16. What is the Black Death? • YersiniaPestis • Fleas on Rats • Bubonic vs. Pneumonic

  17. Symptoms • Weakness/Fatigue • Buboes • Black/Purple Spots • Cough Violently/Spit Blood • Die within 3-5 Days

  18. Symptoms • Weakness/Fatigue • Buboes • Black/Purple Spots • Cough Violently/Spit Blood • Die within 3-5 Days

  19. Spread of the Black Death • Worse in Cities

  20. Spread of the Black Death • Worse in Cities • 1346-1350 • Recurrences

  21. Death Toll • Why hard to tell?

  22. Death Toll • Why hard to tell? • Typical estimate:1/3 of population

  23. Death Toll • Why hard to tell? • Typical estimate:1/3 of population • Urban death toll

  24. How did people react? • Personal Accounts

  25.      "Realizing what a deadly disaster had come to them the people quickly drove the Italians from their city. However, the disease remained, and soon death was every where. Fathers abandoned their sick sons. Lawyers refused to come and make out wills for the dying. Friars and nuns were left to care for the sick, and monasteries and convents were soon deserted, as they were stricken, too. Bodies were left in empty houses, and there was no one to give them a Christian burial."-Unknown

  26. Personal Accounts of the Plague "How many valiant men, how many fair ladies, breakfast with their kinfolk and the same night supped with their ancestors in the next world! The condition of the people was pitiable to behold. They sickened by the thousands daily, and died unattended and without help. Many died in the open street, others dying in their houses, made it known by the stench of their rotting bodies. Consecrated churchyards did not suffice for the burial of the vast multitude of bodies, which were heaped by the hundreds in vast trenches, like goods in a ship’s hold and covered with a little earth." -Giovanni Boccaccio

  27. Personal Accounts of the Plague "Father abandoned child, wife husband, one brother another, for this plague seemed to strike through the breath & sight. And so they died. And no one could be found to bury the dead for money or friendship... And I, Agnolo di Tura, called the Fat, buried my five children with my own hands, and so did many others likewise.”—Agnola di Tura

  28. How did people react? • Personal Accounts • Explanations

  29. How did people react? • Personal Accounts • Explanations • Strange Theories • (Flawed) notion of contagiousness • Most Popular: Punishment from God

  30. How did people react? • Personal Accounts • Popular Explanation: Punishment from God • Reactions:

  31. How did people react? • Personal Accounts • Popular Explanation: Punishment from God • Reactions: • Strange Cures • Flee City • Quarantine • Scapegoats • Hedonism

  32. How did people react? • Personal Accounts • Popular Explanation: Punishment from God • Reactions • Religious Fervor • “Traditional” • Flagellants

  33. Such processions often included flagellants who whipped themselves to atone for society’s sins and avert the plague. Unfortunately, as such processions went from town to town, they also spread the plague, as seems to be happening in the picture to the left. Therefore, the Church to tried to ban them.

  34. Psychological Impact • Disturbing Fascination with Death • Paintings, Literature, Poetry

  35. Psychological Impact • Disturbing Fascination with Death • Paintings • Cadaver Tombs • “whoever you be who will pass by, I ask you to remember, You will be like me after you die, For all: horrible, dust, worms, vile flesh”

  36. Psychological Impact • Disturbing Fascination with Death • Paintings • Cadaver Tombs • Immediacy of Death

  37. The obsession with death caused by the plague as seen in the Dance of Death

  38. Dance of Death http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Totentanz_L%C3%BCbeckR.jpg

  39. Dance of Death Empress: I know, Death means me! I was never terrified so greatly! I thought he was not in his right mind, after all, I am young and also an empress. I thought I had a lot of power. I had not thought of him or that anybody could do something against me. Oh, let me live on, this I implore you Death: Empress, highly presumptuous, I think, you have forgotten me. Fall in! It is now time. You thought I should let you off? No way! And were you ever so much, You must participate in this play, And you others, everybody—hold on! Follow me, Mr. Cardinal!

  40. Dance of Death Death to the Emperor: Emperor, your sword won't help you out Sceptre and crown are worthless here I've taken you by the hand For you must come to my dance The Peasant Says: I had to work very much and very hard The sweat was running down my skin I'd like to escape death nonetheless But here I won't have any luck

  41. Dance of Death Wer war der Thor, werder Weise[r], "Who was the fool, who the wise [man], WerderBettleroder Kaiser? who the beggar or the Emperor? Ob arm, ob reich, imTodegleich. Whether rich or poor, [all are] equal in death."

  42. Triumph of Death

  43. Triumph of Death

  44. In the Face of Catastrophe • Christ- • Tho it be late ere thou mercie came: yet mercie thou shalt have. • Priest- • Commit thy body to the grave: pray Christ they soul to save • Death- • I have sought thee many a day: for to have thee to my pray

  45. Psychological Impact • Disturbing Fascination with Death • Dance of Death • Triumph of Death • In the Face of Catastrophe • Long-Term Impact: Religious Despair and Religious Excitment

  46. FC.71 THE BLACK DEATH AND ITS IMPACT Cities especially devastated, some losing 60-70% of their popul. Black Death (c.1347-1450) reduces Western Europe’s population by 30-40% Black Death spreads from China along Silk Road kept open by Mongols New agr. tech’s (FC.63) Colder & wetter climate in 1300s Mongols conquer China & most of Eurasia (FC.57) Mongols conquer China & most of Eurasia (FC.57) Pop. growth More demand for food & fuel Inflation & strain on environment Expand agr. lands

  47. FC.71 THE BLACK DEATH AND ITS IMPACT Cities especially devastated, some losing 60-70% of their popul. Labor shortages Workers demand higher wages & less restrictive guild membership Black Death (c.1347-1450) reduces Western Europe’s population by 30-40% Black Death spreads from China along Silk Road kept open by Mongols New agr. tech’s (FC.63) Colder & wetter climate in 1300s Mongols conquer China & most of Eurasia (FC.57) Mongols conquer China & most of Eurasia (FC.57) Pop. growth More demand for food & fuel Inflation & strain on environment Expand agr. lands

  48. FC.71 THE BLACK DEATH AND ITS IMPACT Cities especially devastated, some losing 60-70% of their popul. Labor shortages Workers demand higher wages & less restrictive guild membership Urban rev’s (e.g., in Florence, Mailloten & Caboche rev’s in Paris) Black Death (c.1347-1450) reduces Western Europe’s population by 30-40% Black Death spreads from China along Silk Road kept open by Mongols New agr. tech’s (FC.63) Colder & wetter climate in 1300s Mongols conquer China & most of Eurasia (FC.57) Mongols conquer China & most of Eurasia (FC.57) Pop. growth More demand for food & fuel Inflation & strain on environment Expand agr. lands

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