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MODULE 2 : Part 1

MODULE 2 : Part 1. INTRODUCTION TO HARDWARE & SOFTWARE. Module Objectives. At the end of the module, students should be able to: identify the terms and concept related to computer hardware and software identify the five basic unit of a computer identify the two types of computer software

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MODULE 2 : Part 1

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  1. MODULE 2 : Part 1 INTRODUCTION TO HARDWARE & SOFTWARE

  2. Module Objectives At the end of the module, students should be able to: • identify the terms and concept related to computer hardware and software • identify the five basic unit of a computer • identify the two types of computer software • explain the differences between application software and system software

  3. Hardware Vs. Software ??? • Hardware-the physical parts or components of a computer that we can actually touch, like disks, disk drives, monitor, keyboards, printers, boards, and chips. • Software - untouchable. Software exists as ideas, concepts, and symbols, but it has no substance. http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/H/hardware.html

  4. Hardware Vs. Software ??? • Books provide a useful analogy. • The pages and the ink are the hardware, while the words, sentences, paragraphs, and the overall meaning are the software. • A computer without software is like a book full of blank pages • you need software to make the computer useful just as you need words to make a book meaningful http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/H/hardware.html

  5. Basic Unit of a Computer

  6. Basic Unit of a Computer 1. Input Unit • consist of hardware used to enter data and instructions • “Receiving” section of computer • Obtains data from input devices • Usually a keyboard, mouse, disk or scanner • Places data at disposal of other units

  7. Basic Unit of a Computer 2. System Unit • Case containing electronic components used to process data

  8. Basic Unit of a Computer • There are 2 main components on a motherboard:

  9. System Unit • Central Processing Unit (CPU) • also called a processor • electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer • MEMORY (RAM) • electronic component that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions • Retains info that has already been processed until can be sent to output unit • Often called memory, primary memory, or random access memory (RAM)

  10. Basic Unit of A Computer 3. Output Unit • Hardware that conveys information to one or more user • “Shipping” section of computer • Puts processed data/info on various output devices • Monitor (screens), printers, projector, speakers • Makes info available outside the computer

  11. Basic Unit of a Computer • 4. Storage Unit • Holds data, instructions, and information for future use. • Storage Media - physical material on which a computer keeps data, instructions & information • Storage Device - computer hardware that records an/or retrieves items to and from storage media.

  12. Storage Unit • Storage Device • Card reader • CD-ROM Drive/DVD-ROM Drive • hard disk • External/removable hard disk • USB flash drive • Storage Media • memory card • Optical Disc (CD-ROM/DVD-ROM ) • hard disk • USB flash drive • Smart card • Cloud storage

  13. Basic Unit of a Computer 5. Communication Unit • hardware component that enables a computer to send (transmit) and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers. • E.g.: modem (digital modem-cable, isdn, wireless modem, wireless access points)

  14. Basic Computer Hardware

  15. Inside the computer… http://www.canr.msu.edu/vanburen/techindx.htm

  16. What is Software? • Series of instructions or programs that process data • Two types : • System software • Used mainly by the computer • Application software • Used only by the user • The purpose of software is to cause a task, process, or computation to be performed. • A task can include the retrieval, storage, or display of information. • A computer system requires software to make the best use of its capabilities and to solve problems

  17. What is System Software? • Enables application software to interact with computer hardware • A “Background” software manage internal computer resources and coordinate the application software requests with computer hardware without user interaction • Operating system software • Most important system software • Executes application software • Stores data and programs • manages all the overall operation of the computer system • I.e.  Eg. Window XP, Windows 7, Linux, UNIX, Sun Solaris, Mac OS X Mavericks

  18. Popular Operating System Windows OS • Windows platform (XP, Vista, 7, 8) is currently the dominating OS for the personal computer. • By Microsoft.

  19. Popular Operating System Mac OS • The main operating system for the Apple Macintosh. • The most advanced version is Mac OS X Mavericks. • Previous version includes Mac OS X Lion and 9.0.

  20. Popular Operating System Linux OS • Open Source operating system • Many distributions/versions • Red Hat 9.0, Mandrake, SuSE, Lindows, Knoppix and many others

  21. What is Application Software? • End-user software enter commands and typically interact with application programs. • General-purpose programs • Some types: Browsers, Spreadsheet, Database management systems, presentation graphics, word processor • i.e  Internet Explorer, Microsoft Word, PowerPoint • Special-purpose programs • Custom written for specialized tasks • written for an organization’s or business type’s specific purpose • i.e.  Online Registration System

  22. Word processor Spreadsheets Databases Communications Presentation Others - Groupware Application Software

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