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Parturition Topic # 2035

Parturition Topic # 2035. Ashlee Gibson. What is Parturition?. Act of process of giving birth. Parturition Names in Species. Cattle: Calving Sheep: Lambing Swine: Farrowing Horses: Foaling. Signs of Approaching Parturition. Distended abdomen Mammary development & milk secretion

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Parturition Topic # 2035

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  1. ParturitionTopic # 2035 Ashlee Gibson

  2. What is Parturition? • Act of process of giving birth

  3. Parturition Names in Species • Cattle: Calving • Sheep: Lambing • Swine: Farrowing • Horses: Foaling

  4. Signs of Approaching Parturition • Distended abdomen • Mammary development & milk secretion • Swollen vulva and relaxed pelvic ligaments • Mucous discharge • Relentlessness and separation from group • Labor and Contractions

  5. Signs of Parturition in Cattle • One week - mammary glands fill with milk, tailhead ligaments relax, and you will see a waxing of teats. • 12-24 hours - frequent defecation and urination, anorexia, looking for young, makes a nest or seeks out an isolated area.

  6. Signs of Parturition in Sheep • Ten days before lambing the ewes teats become firm and full of milk, her vulva slackens and becomes slightly swollen. • Closer to lambing, the ewe's cervical seal passes from the vulva as a thick, creamy, white mucus. • In the final stages prior to lambing, the ewe becomes anxious and uneasy and continually switches from a reclining to a standing position.

  7. Signs of Parturition in Horses • Two to six weeks before foaling the mares udder will swell. • Seven to ten days prior to foaling the muscles over the buttocks appear to shrink and the abdomen drops. • At four to six days before foaling the teats fill with milk. • Twelve to 24 hours before foaling wax appears on the end of the nipples.

  8. Stages of Parturition • Stage 1- Preparatory Stage • Stage 2- Birthing Process • Stage 3- Placenta Expulsion

  9. Stage 1- preparatory stage • Characterized by dilation of the cervix. • Rhythmic contractions of the uterus. • At the end of this stage, the cervix expands, allowing the uterus and vagina to become a continuous canal.

  10. Stage 2- Birthing Process • Increase in contractions with abdominal pressing. • The placenta, along with the head and forelegs, are forced into the vagina (birth canal). • Presentation is forelegs first with the nose resting on the forelegs. • Anterior “head first” • In swine, piglets may be born anteriorly or posteriorly

  11. Stage 3- Placenta Expulsion • Associated with uterine contractions • Normally expelled within 12 hours • Placenta of each species should be expelled within the following time periods • Mare- one hour • Cow and ewe- 8to 24 hours • Sow – normally attached to fetus at birth

  12. Types of Placentas • Cotyledonary • Cow & Ewe • Diffuse • Mare & Sow

  13. Dystocia: Difficulty during Parturition • Fetal dystocia problems • Over-sized fetus • Multiple birth complications • Breech presentation - With sheep, cattle, and horses, the fetus is presented posteriorly. • Deviations in normal presentation - For example, one leg may be pushed back or the head may be turned.

  14. Dystocia • Maternal dystocia problems • Narrowing of the birth canal due to fractures of the pelvis. • Uterine torsion reducing the size of the birth canal. • The cervix may fail to dilate. • Absence of uterine contractions

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