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Planetary Surfaces

Planetary Surfaces. Main task Understanding the physics of planetary near-surface layers, including comets, Mars & Moon Main research topics Study of the mechanisms controlling the “activity” of comets by theoretical modelling as well as experimental simulation in a cryo -vacuum environment

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Planetary Surfaces

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  1. Planetary Surfaces • Main task • Understanding the physics of planetary near-surface layers, including comets, Mars & Moon • Main research topics • Study of the mechanisms controlling the “activity” of comets by theoretical modelling as well as experimental simulation in a cryo-vacuum environment • Development of prototypes for surface in situ measurements of key parameters (thermal conductivity, electrical permittivity, mechanical properties) • Participation in ESA comet mission Rosetta/Philae and NASA Mars mission InSight • Refereed publications (since Jan 2013): • Total: 4 (first author: 4) • Educational activities (since Jan 2013): • Diploma theses: 3 • Lecturing at University of Graz IWF/ÖAW

  2. Who are we? • Lead:Norbert Kömle • Members • Staff: M. Bentley, G. Kargl, W. Macher • Master Students:B. Krebl (thesis completed), A. Schaffer, P. Tiefenbacher • Cooperation within IWF • MIDAS Group: Cometary dust • Key international collaboration Germany: Institut für Planetenerkundung, DLR BerlinPoland: Space Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, WarsawUK: Planetary Research Institute, Open University, Milton Keynes IWF/ÖAW

  3. MIDAS Operations and Science • MIDAS is an amplitude modulated Atomic Force Microscope • Dust particles are collected, located, and imaged • Data are nm-resolution 3D images (height fields) • Full-time operations start early May

  4. Modeling of Cometary Crevasses • Pressure distribution near the exit • of an elongated ice filled crack • Surface erosion causing deepening of the crystallization front • Surface ice sublimation • Dynamics of phase changes • Downward motion of crystallization front • Amorphous ice crystallization? Krebl B. and Kömle N.I.: A two-dimensional model of crevasses formed by cometary activity. Planet. Space Sci.,87, 46-65 (2013). IWF/ÖAW

  5. Robust Thermal Conductivity Probes • Perform tests and calibration experiments in different materials • Multiple probes (2 or 4 needles) to derive thermal properties heaterneedle sensor needle Dualprobes IWF/ÖAW

  6. Novel Thermal Dual Probe Theory • Geometry: two parallel cylinders A and B • Each cylinder is composed of a core and an enclosing coaxial sheath • Surface resistances taken into accountat core/sheath and sheath/sample interface Advantages of analytic approach • Fast computation; high accuracy • Applicability to fitting of measurement data • Measurement scenario • Pulse heating of A, observation of TA(t), TB(t) • heat capacity and conductivity of sample,surface resistance at probe/sample boundary • Macher W., Kömle N.I., Bentley M.S., Kargl G.: Temperature evolution of two parallel composite cylinders with contact resistances and application to thermal dual-probes, Int. J. HeatandMass Transfer, 69, 481-492 (2014). IWF/ÖAW

  7. Pile Driving Models for Soil Penetration • Determination of soil-mechanical properties: • Configuration for Philae/MUPUS hammering device • Configuration for InSight Mole • Scaling of standard models • Pile driving model adapted to the „mole“ configuration: • Hollow tube driven by the impact of an interior ram weight IWF/ÖAW

  8. Future Plans: 2015-2018 • Rosetta data interpretation after Philae arrival, with emphasis on MIDAS and MUPUS • Development of models to integrate MIDAS and MUPUS data into a local (thermal) surface model • Soil-mechanical modelling for the Mars mission InSight evaluation of soil-mechanical parameters from performance data of the InSight mole IWF/ÖAW

  9. Thank you IWF/ÖAW

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