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by S. R. RATRE

WELCOME. by S. R. RATRE. INDIRA GANDHI KRISHI VISHWAVIDALAYA PREMISES KRISHAK NAGAR RAIPUR – 492006. C.G. RAJYA BEEJ PRAMANIKARAN SANSTHA, RAIPUR. cht mRiknu dk;ZØe. ekxZnf'kZdk. cht. Qly mRiknu c<+kus ds fy, LoLFk ,oa vuqokaf'kd :i ls 'kq} cht ,d egRoiw.kZ lk/ku gS A.

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by S. R. RATRE

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  1. WELCOME byS. R. RATRE INDIRA GANDHI KRISHI VISHWAVIDALAYA PREMISES KRISHAK NAGAR RAIPUR – 492006 C.G. RAJYA BEEJ PRAMANIKARAN SANSTHA, RAIPUR 1

  2. cht mRiknu dk;ZØe ekxZnf'kZdk

  3. cht Qly mRiknu c<+kus ds fy, LoLFk ,oa vuqokaf'kd :i ls 'kq} cht ,d egRoiw.kZ lk/ku gS A chtksa dh Js.kh ,oa L=ksr chtksRiknu dk;Zdze esa iztud ls vk/kkj] vk/kkj ls izekf.kr ,oa izekf.kr &1 ls izekf.kr &2 Js.kh ds chtksa dk gh iath;u gksxk A

  4. mUur cht dh Js.kh dsUnzh; cht dsUnzh; cht iztud ¼oSKkfud½ )kjk Lo;a rS;kj fd;k tkrk gS A tks vuqokaf'kd :i ls 100 izfr’kr 'kq) gksrk gS A iztud cht dsUnzh; cht ls iztud cht Lo;a iztud ¼oSKkfud½ ds ns[k js[k esa rS;kj fd;k tkrk gS A ;g dsUnzh; cht dh larfr gksrh gS A iztud chtksRiknu dk;Zdze dsoy mUgh laLFkkvksa] iz{ks=ksa ij fy;k tkrk gS] ftl laLFkk ls iztud lac) gksrk gS A ;g cht HkksSfrd ,oa vuqokaf'kd :i ls 100 izfr’kr 'kq) gksrk gS A bldh FkSyh] cksjs ij ihys jax dk VSx yxk gksrk gS A

  5. vk/kkj cht ;g cht iztud cht ls rS;kj fd;k tkrk gS A bldk mRiknu cht izek.khdj.k laLFkk dh fuxjkuh @Lohd`fr ls fd;k tkrk gS A ;g iztud cht dh larfr gksrh gS A blds cksjs@FkSyh ij izek.khdj.k laLFkk dk lQsn jax dk VSx yxk gksrk gS A izekf.kr cht ;g cht vk/kkj cht ls rS;kj fd;k tkrk gS A vr% ;g vk/kkj cht dh larfr gksrh gS A izekf.kr cht mRiknu cht izek.khdj.k laLFkk dh ns[kjs[k esa fd;k tkrk gS A ;g Hkh HkkSfrd ,oa vuqokaf'kd :i ls 'kq) gksrk gS blds cksjs @FkSyh ij izek.khdj.k laLFkk dk uhys jax dk VSx yxk gksrk gS A ijkfxr Qlyksa es cht nksa ih<+h rd ekU; fd;k tk ldrk gS A

  6. izekf.kr cht dk egRo 1- izekf.kr cht vuqokaf'kd ,oa HkkSfrd :i ls 'kq) gksrs gSA ikS/kksa essa ,d:irk] xq.kksa esa lekurk ,oa idus dh vof/k ,d leku ikbZ tkrh gS A 2- cht dh vadqj.k {kerk ekudksa ds vuq:i gksrh gS A 3- cht dh thou {kerk mRre gksrh gS A rFkk iq"V Hkjk o pednkj gksrk gSA 4- izekf.kr cht ds mi;ksx ls lkekU; cht dh mis{kk mRiknu esa 15 ls 20 izfr'kr rd dh o`f) gksrh gS A

  7. iath;u 'kqYd ¼1½ cht mRiknu ysus okys d`"kdksa dks N0x0 jkT; cht ,oa d`f"k fodkl fuxe] d`f"k egkfo|ky; ;k ekU;rk izkIr laLFkku ds forj.k dsUnzksa ls cht mRiknu gsrq vk/kkj ;k izekf.kr&1 Js.kh dk cht dz; djuk gksrk gS A ¼2½ Qly dk N0x0 jkT; cht izek.khdj.k laLFkk esa fu/kkZfjr iath;u 'kqYd o le; lhek esa djkuk vko’;d gS A ¼3½ iath;u gsrq vkosnu i= ds lkFk cht dz; fd;s x;s laLFkku ds ns;d] ds'k eseks rFkk VSx vkfn laYkXu djuk vko';d gS A

  8. iath;u 'kqYd

  9. izek.khdj.k gsrq Qly fLFkfr ,oa 'kL; fdz;k;sa cht izek.khdj.k ds fy, Qly mxkrs le; izR;sd mRiknd d`"kd ds fy, ;g vko';d gS fd og laLFkk )kjk crk;s x;s d`f"k laca/kh dk;Z fof/k;ksa dk ikyu djsa A 1- [ksr esa cksbZ xbZ Qly ,d gh fdLe dh gksA fefJr [ksrh Lohd`r ugha gkssxh A 2- [skr esa ,d gh Js.kh rFkk ,d gh oa'kkuqxr ih<+h dk cht cks;k x;k gks A 3- iwjs [ksr esa Qly dh vk;q ,oa ck<+ leku gks A 4- vU; Qlysa vFkok fdLeksa ds {ks= ds cht fu/kkZfjr ekud vuqlkj i;kZIr i`Fkddj.k nwjh ij cksbZ xbZ gks A

  10. dze’k% 5- ladj fdLeksa ds chtksRiknu esa uj ,oa eknk ikS/kksa dh vyx vyx iafDr;ka yxkbZ tkos A fu/kkZfjr vuqikr ¼4%2½ gksuk pkfg, A 6- Qly jksx ,oa dhVksa ls lqjf{kr j[ksa A 7- vU; ckrsa tks cht ds Lrj ij cqjk izHkko Mky ldrh gSaA mudk gj laHko fujkdj.k djus dk iz;kl djsa rkfd cht okafNr xq.koRrk iw.kZ Lrj dk izkIr gks lds A

  11. lko/kkfu;kWa jksfxax cht mRiknu gsrq fy;s tkus okys Qlyksa esa vU; Qlyksa o iztkfr ds vaokfNr ikS/kksa dks fudky dj i`Fkd dj nsuk pkfg;s A blls chtksa essa feJ.k dh leL;k ugh jgsxh A jksfxax cht mRiknu dk ewy& ea= gS

  12. dze’k% funkbZ@xqM+kbZ cht mRiknu gsrq Qlyksa dks LoPN ,oa lkQ j[kuk vR;Ur vko';d gS A [ksr esa mxs gq;s [kjirokj dks fu;fer :i ls fudkyrs jguk pkfg;sA vkifUrtud [kjirokj ds cht ls Qly cht dks eqDr j[kuk pkfg;s A

  13. vkifRRktud [kjirokj Vhi %& /kku & taxyh /kku@djxk

  14. dze’k% dVkbZ dVkbZ gkjosLVj ls u dh tkosA blls chtksa ds VqVus o feJ.k dh laHkkouk vf/kd gksrh gSA lks;kchu cht nks nkyksa esa VqV ldrs gSaA xq.koRrk izHkkfor gksrh gS] vkSj cht dV tkrs gSA

  15. dze’k% <qykbZ [kfygku ls cht cksjksa esa Hkj dj viuk uke ,oa iath;u la[;k rFkk Qly] fdLe fy[kdj cksjks dk eqag can dj izfdz;k dsUnz ij ykdj mldh rqykbZ vkfn djokdj izfdz;k izHkkjh ls ek=k dh jlhn izkIr dj ysosa] ;g /;ku j[ksa fd cht ds lkFk Qly fujh{k.k dk vafre fujh{k.k izfrosnu ds fcuk vkidk cht izfdz;k izHkkjh Lohdkj ugha djsxk A N0x0 jkT; cht ,oa d`f"k fodkl fuxe )kjk izfdz;k dsUnz rd cht dks ykus ds fy, d`"kdksa dks ifjogu vuqefr fn;k tkrk gS A xgkbZ ;fn mRiknu dk;Zdze ,d ls vf/kd fdLeksa dk fy;k x;k gks rks xgkbZ djrs le; vyx & vyx fdLeksa ds <sj i;kZIr nwjh ij vyx& vyx j[ksa rFkk ,d fdLe dh xgkbZ iwjh gks tkos rks mRikfnr cht dks cksjksa esa Hkj dj [kfygku ls gVk fy;k tkosa A mlds ckn [kfygku dh vPNh rjg ls lQkbZ dj nwljh fdLe vFkok Qly dh xgkbZ djsa A blls Qly feJ.k dh laHkkouk [kRe gks tkrh gS A

  16. i`FkDdj.k nwjh Qly dh vuaqokaf'kd 'kq)rk cuk;s j[kus ds fy, cht mRiknu dk;Zdze ysus okys [ksr ,oa mlh Qly tkfr dh vU; Qly cht esa i`FkDdj.k nwjh j[kuk vko';d gS A

  17. fofHkUu Qlyksa ds U;wure i`FkDdj.k nwjh

  18. vadqj.k ekud uksV% & ¼1½ ekud LRkj ls de vadqj.k gksus ij cht ds dke esa u yk;sa A ¼2½ ;fn cht dk deh gks rks cht dh ek=k c<+kdj cksuh dh tkosa A

  19. cht esa vknzZrk ekud

  20. cht LokLF; ijh{k.k uksV %& 1-0 % ¼ 1000 nkus esa ,d cht ½ 0-01 % ¼ 10]000 nkus esa ,d cht ½ 0-001 % ¼ 1]00]000 nkus esa ,d cht ½

  21. /kU;okn~

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